Fungi
What is mycelium?
The web-like structure of underground hyphae.
Which three divisions are known as the Bryophytes? (Scientific and common)
Marchantiophyta (liverworts), Bryophyta (mosses), and Anthocerophyta (hornworts).
Which two vascular tissues transport water and sugar throughout the plant?
Xylem and phloem
Which type of seed are gymnospermsd associated with due to their ovules being exposed?
Naked seeds
The triploid nutritive tissue that is unique to angiosperms.
What is the fruiting body?
The fungal structure that emerges from the ground and produces spores.
What is the root-like structure Bryophytes have instead of true roots?
Rhizoids
What is the major structural component of wood and most tracheophytes?
Lignin
Which group differs from other gymnosperms due to its vessels within its xylem?
Gnetophyta
The structure pollen lands on in Angiosperms for pollination.
The stigma
What is the difference between aseptate and septate hyphae?
Septate hyphae include a septa wall and are uninucleate, while aseptate hyphae lack a septa wall and are multinucleate.
Which division of the Bryophytes is known for lacking stomata and having single-celled rhizoids?
Marchantiophyta (liverworts)
Which of the vascular plants are seedless?
Lycopods and Ferns (Lycopodiophyta and Monilophyta)
What type of plant produces both male and female cones?
Monoecious
What is the ripened ovary that protects the seeds and helps with dispersal?
The fruit
Describe the Ascomycetes phylum.
They are the fungal group known as the “sac fungi” due to their production of eight spores within a sac-like structure.
Which Bryophyte division has a horn-shaped sporophyte?
Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
Which specialized structure is responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients and the creation of new cells through the apical meristem?
The roots
What are the mutualistic nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in Cycadophyta?
Nostoc and Anabaena
What process describes the influence pollinators had on the evolutionary changes of angiosperms?
Coevolution
What is mycorrihizae?
The symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots that results in enhanced nutrient and water absorption.
Why do bryophytes require water for reproduction and survival?
Bryophytes lack a vascular system and have no true roots (only rhizoids), and therefore need an external water source to survive.
What is the difference between microphylls and megaphylls?
Microphylls are tiny and single-veined, while megaphylls are large and many-veined (true leaves).
What is the only extant species in its division that is known for its unique “bilobed” leaf structure?
Ginkgo biloba
What is the difference between monocots and eudicots?
Monocots have one cotyledon, parallel veins, and scattered vascular bundles. Eudicots have two cotyledons, net venation, and tricolpate pollen.