Fungi 1
Multicellular, thread-like structures called _____that make up most of the mass of a fungal organism.
hypha
How long ago did fungi split from animals?
1.0 by
When was the oldest unambiguous fossil animal?
550 million years ago
What two types of sense are required for homing and migratory behavior?
Map Sense: know where you are relative to home
Compass Sense: Know which way is North
What is cross fostering?
One species raises the young of another species and their own because one species isn't paternal.
Which group of fungi has the largest number of named species ?
Ascomycota
The general term for a fungal infection in animals is a
mycosis
What is the pattern of early development?
zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula
Quantum effects on cryptochrome 4 in the eyes of various animals appear to provide a plausible mechanism for _____.
The map sense on migration and homing
Humpback whale "bubble net" feeding is an example of what behavior?
Ultimate Type Mechanisms
The common grocery store mushroom, and the highly poisonous Amanita mushrooms, belong to the _____.
Basidiomycota
"small, haploid, unicellular, dispersal structures that are resistant to desiccation" is the definition of what?
spores
Animal cells are held together by what?
- unique intercellular junctions
What is Reciprocal Altruism?
When members of the group help another member on the terms that the favor will be returned in the future, overuse of this, can get the individual kicked out.
What is inclusive fitness?
"Family First" related individuals work together for the benefit of the whole group. Includes Hamilton's Rule
What are the important characteristics of fungi?
-Absorptive chemoheterotrophs
- Chitin cell walls
- Conspicuous haploid reproductive bodies
- Cytoplasm of adjacent cells is continuous through "pores"
-Unicellular to multicellular forms
What are three aspects of fungi that affect humans? (More than three, but give three for the points)
•Infections, disease
•Food spoilage
•Rot of plant, animal products (housing, clothing)
•Mold allergies, “sick” houses
•Psychoactive compounds
•Cheeses
•Leavened bread
•Antibiotics, medicinal drugs
•Alcoholic beverages
What are the major characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia?
-Heterotrophs
-multicellular
-lack of rigid cell wall
-active movement
-species rich and diverse
-occupy all major habitats
-reproduce sexually
-characteristic pattern of development
-organized into tissues
What is innate behavior?
A behavior necessary for survival that happens instantly and doesn't have to be learned or practiced. Must be correct the first time.
What is Habituation?
relatively persistent waning of a response that results from repeated presentations not followed by any form of reinforcement
Which group is not correctly matched with its trait?
-Microsporidians:Parasites of protists & animals
-Chytrids: major cause of global decline of amphibians
-Zoopagomycetes: Decomposers and mutualists
-Mucoromycetes: Black bread mold & dung fungus
-Ascomycetes: Sexual spores produced in sac-like asci in fruiting bodies called ascocarps
-Basidiomycetes: site of karyogamy & meiosis
Zoopagomycetes: most are parasites or commensal symbionts of animals
On the life cycle diagram, what is event 6? What is event 4?
6=Karyogamy
4= Plasmogamy
Which animal is not matched to its phyla?
-Porifera: sponges
-Platyhelminthes: segmented worms
-Arthropoda: insects, millipedes, spiders
-Echinodermata: sea stars, urchins,
-Cnidaria: jellyfish, anemones
-Platyhelminthes: FLATworms
What is Classical conditioning?
A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. includes the addition of a neutral stimulus.
What is operant conditioning?
-Animal learns to associate a particular behavior with a particular response
-A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.