Photosynthesis
The simple sugar made during photosynthesis that stores energy for the plant
Glucose
The base that replaces thymine (T) in RNA
Uracil
The two main types of cell division
Mitosis and meiosis
A mutation that changes one amino acid in a protein
Missense mutation
This type of respiration requires oxygen and produces the most ATP
Aerobic Respiration
Tiny openings on the underside of leaves that allow gas exchange
stomata
The enzyme that builds mRNA from a DNA template.
RNA polymerase
The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and DNA is replicated
interphase
Radiation, UV light, and chemicals that cause mutations are known as these
The term where oxygen is NOT present in respiration
Anaerobic respiration
The green pigment in chloroplasts that captures light energy
Chlorophyll
The process in which a DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transcription
The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up along the equator (middle)
Metaphase
A type of mutation where an entire section of a chromosome is lost
Deletion
The main energy-carrying molecule produced by cellular respiration
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Photosynthesis
The final product of protein synthesis.
polypeptide chain
Meiosis creates cells with this many chromosomes compared to the parent cell
Haploid
A type of chromosomal mutation where a section of DNA is repeated
Duplication
This cycle, also called the citric acid cycle, produces CO₂, and ATP
Krebs cycle
The light-dependent reactions take place in this part of the chloroplast
Thylakoids
The reason the genetic code is called "redundant"
Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
The uncontrolled division of cells leads to this disease
Cancer
Mutations that increase the risk of uncontrolled cell growth can lead to this disease.
C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3+2ATP
Anaerobic Respiration