main themes of microbiology
study of microorganisms and their activities
Microbiology
The 6 I's
Inoculation, Incubation, Isolation, Inspection, Information gathering, Identification
Primary component of bacterial cell walls; glycan chains linked by peptide fragments
Peptidoglycan
Separates DNA fragments by size using an electric current
Gel Electrophoresis
DNA-directed RNA synthesis
Transcription
Formal system for classification, nomenclature, and identification of organisms
Taxonomy
Different media classifications
General purpose, selective, differential
Theory suggesting organelles evolved from prokaryotes living symbiotically within other prokaryotic cells.
Endosymbiosis
Amplifies DNA using primers and heat-stable polymerase
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Three-nucleotide unit specifying amino acid or translation termination
Codon
Naming system giving each organism two names: Genus and species
Binomial Nomenclature
Ability of a microscope to show detail, limited by light wavelength
Resolving power
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins; site for metabolic reactions
Cell Membrane structure
Products like insulin, human growth hormone, erythropoietin, factor VIII, and HBV vaccine
Biochemical Products
Study of microbes in natural habitats, exploring interactions with living and nonliving components
Microbial Ecology
Process where traits conferring reproductive success become more common
Evolution by natural selection
Instrument using electron beams for high-resolution imaging
Electron Microscope
Single-celled eukaryotic organisms, part of protists.
Protozoa
Manipulation of an organism's genome
Genetic Engineering
Role a species serves in a community, including nutritional intake and population growth rate
Niche
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya - major groups of organisms
The three domains
Uses a single dye to color the entire specimen
Simple stain
Carbohydrate-rich coating for protection and biofilm formation
Glycocalyx
An organism with inserted foreign DNA
Transgenic Organism
Organisms of the same species within a community
Population