Unit 1
This is a "building block" of a larger biomolecule.
What is a monomer?
All enzymes are this biomolecule.
These cells in sexual reproduction have only one set of chromosomes.
What are gametes?
The purpose of these parts of DNA is to prevent the loss of genotypic DNA in replication.
What are telomeres?
This nucleotide acts as a key second messenger in regulating various cellular functions such as cell growth and differentiation, gene transcription, and protein expression.
What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?
This occurs when the pH of an environment is too high for a specific protein to exist, causing it to break apart.
What is denaturation?
This is the name of the molecule that an enzyme reacts with.
What is a substrate?
This type of cell signaling is done through direct contact.
What is local signaling?
This point mutation causes the creation of a "stop" codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
This RNA "start" sequence codes for the amino acid methionine.
What is AUG?
These are the seven unifying properties of life.
What are organization, response to stimuli, homeostasis, metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, and evolution?
This is the term for the pairing of related anabolic and catabolic reactions.
What is energy coupling?
This is a diagram that tracks a specific character throughout generations.
What is a pedigree?
These three components make up an operon.
What are a promoter, and operator, and enzyme-coding genes?
These are anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart.
What are desmosomes?
This is the pressure needed to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
What is osmotic pressure?
Diffusion, osmosis, and endocytosis are all examples of this cellular process.
What is cellular transport?
These two types of chromosomes both have one centromere, but one has sister chromatids while the other does not.
What are replicated and unreplicated chromosomes?
This chemical process encourages chromosomal DNA to "open up" in preparation for transcription.
What is histone acetylation?
This is the process by which hydrogen is manually affixed to carbon, often in the presence of a metal catalyst.
What is hydrogenation?
These are the seven functional groups and their molecular formulas.
What is hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (-CO), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), sulfhydryl (-SH), phosphate (-OPO3-2), and methyl (-CH3)
This is the process of moving ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
What is chemiosmosis?
This organelle, and by extension its DNA, is inherited solely from the mother.
What is the mitochondria?
This sequence (AAUAAA), coded for by RNA Pol II, terminates transcription.
What is a polyadenylation sequence?
This is the pigment in red algae that absorbs light.