DNA & Genetics
What is the correct sequence in which genetic information flows within a cell according to the central dogma of molecular biology.
DNA → RNA → Protein
This ability allows plants to alter their growth, development, and physiology in response to changing environmental conditions.
What is phenotypic plasticity?
This is the property that determines the direction of water movement across membranes in plants.
What is water potential?
These types of plants trap insects when nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, are scarce in the soil.
What are carnivorous plants?
What is gravitropism?
This process in plants allows them to sense and respond to gravity using amyloplasts.
This structural feature of DNA, involving complementary base-pairing and a double-stranded helix, allows for accurate replication and storage of genetic information.
What is the double-helix structure of DNA?
These small openings on plant leaves regulate gas exchange and balance water loss with the uptake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
What are stomata?
Define transpiration
This process creates the suction force that pulls water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves in plants.
These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, providing an essential nutrient for plant growth.
What are nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Define ethylene.
This hormone triggers fruit ripening by breaking down cell walls and converting starch to sugar.
This type of base pairing ensures that newly synthesized DNA strands are accurate copies of the original, preserving genetic information.
What is complementary base pairing?
This specialized tissue transports water, nutrients, and sugars throughout a plant to support its survival and growth.
What is vascular tissue?
This pathway allows water to travel from cell to cell through plasmodesmata, ensuring selective transport into the vascular tissue.
What is the symplastic movement of water?
This plant hormone accumulates on the shaded side of a stem, causing cell elongation and bending the plant toward the light.
What is auxin?
Define auxin and it's purpose.
This plant hormone's action depends on proton pump activation to regulate phototropism.
Define primary and secondary growth
Primary plant growth allows for elongation, while secondary strengthens structure by forming new vascular tissue.
This process moves sugars from source tissues to sink tissues using pressure differences created by osmosis.
What is bulk flow in the phloem?
Define florigen
The hormone that is transported to the root meristem in response to light cues to initiate flowering.
What is abscisic acid (ABA)?
This plant hormone signals stomatal closure to conserve water during dry conditions.