Respiratory System Anatomy
The trachea is part of the _________ respiratory tract.
What is the upper respiratory tract?
The correct order of the three small intestine segments from beginning to end.
What is the duodenum, jejunum, ileum?
The two functional divisions of the respiratory system.
What are the conducting and respiratory portions?
Salivary amylase begins chemical breakdown of this macromolecule.
What are carbohydrates?
In the lungs, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the _________.
What are the pulmonary capillaries?
This region connects the nasal cavity to the oropharynx.
What is the nasopharynx?
The layer of the GI tract that is primarily responsible for overall motility and propulsive movements (peristalsis).
What is the muscularis externa?
This law describes the inverse relationship between gas pressure and volume (e.g. as pressure increases, volume decreases).
What is Boyle's Law?
The phase of swallowing that is entirely voluntary.
What is the oral phase?
In systemic tissues, carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissue's cells to the ___________.
What are the systemic capillaries?
These are the primary sites of gas exchange in the lungs.
What are the alveoli?
The duct that empties gallbladder contents into the duodenum.
What is the common bile duct?
This term describes widening of the airways (bronchi) that occurs when smooth muscles surrounding the airways relax.
What is bronchodilation?
This term describes the action of bile salts breaking down large fat globules into smaller droplets.
What is emulsification?
The enzyme responsible for chemical digestion of triglycerides (fat) into monoglycerides and two free fatty acids.
What is lipase?
This cavity is located between the visceral and parietal pleura.
What is the pleural cavity?
The muscular sphincter that controls the flow of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum.
What is the pyloric sphincter?
This pressure is always lower than intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure during normal breathing.
What is the intrapleural pressure?
Cells of the gastric glands that secrete HCl when stimulated by gastrin.
What are parietal cells?
The stomach enzyme that, in conjunction with HCl, initiates protein breakdown.
What is pepsin?
These curved, boney structures function to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air.
What are the nasal conchae?
The REGION of the stomach where the esophagus enters.
What is the cardia?
A condition of CO2 accumulation in the blood leading to a decrease in blood pH. It is caused by decreased ventilation.
What is respiratory acidosis?
High fat content in chyme entering the duodenum causes release of this major digestive hormone.
What is cholecystokinin (CCK)?
-CCK stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to secrete enzymes
When one molecule of O2 binds to hemoglobin, hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen ___________.
What is increases?