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Genetics I (Lec 7)
Metabolism (Enzymes, ATP, etc) (Lec 5)
Respiration and Fermentation (Lec 6)
Growth and nutrition (Lec 4)
!?!?!?!?! It's a surprise
100
DNA replication is ________________, meaning one strand of the DNA is parental DNA, and the complementary strand is newly synthesized DNA.
What is semi-conservative?
100
Any reaction that has a (-) delta G is ___________, meaning it is energetically favorable for the reaction to proceed. These types of reactions release energy so they are ________.
What is spontaneous? What is exergonic?
100
C6H12O6 + 6____ +ADP --> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
O2
100
bacteria that thrive at pH above 7.
alkalinophile
100
If X gains a bond to oxygen, we say X is being _________ (reduced/oxidized).
oxidized
200
The name of the short fragment of DNA made via lagging strand synthesis. These fragments are synthesized in the ___' --> ___' direction.
What is okazaki fragment? What is 5' to 3' direction?
200
Enzymes increase reaction rates by lowering the _______________ of the reaction.
What is activation energy?
200
Per glucose molecule, how many NADH are produced during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coA?
2 NADH
200
salt-loving bacteria
halophile
200
Some enzymes require "helper molecules" called _________for biological activity. In the absence of these helper molecules, enzymes are referred to as ______________. When the helper molecules are bound, enzymes are referred to as __________.
1. cofactor 2. apoenzyme 3. holoenzyme
300
In replication, the _________ provides the 3'OH that ____________ requires to synthesize the complementary DNA strand.
What is primer? What is DNA pol III?
300
Endergonic reactions are often driven forward by coupling them to THIS exergonic reaction.
What is hydrolysis of ATP (ATP--> ADP + Pi)
300
In this reaction of the Kreb's cycle Succinic acid + FAD --> Fumaric acid + FADH2 succinic acid is ________(reduced/oxidzed) to fumaric acid.
oxidized
300
_________is the mechanism by which bacteria communicate. As the number of bacteria increase, the number of secreted signalling molecules ___________(increases/decreases) proportionally. The molecules bind to receptors on the cell surface, ultimately resulting in the coordination of group behavior.
quorum sensing, increases
300
__________, which is/are the reactant(s) in a chemical reaction, bind to the _________ of an enzyme. DNA polymerase is catalyzing a/an ____________(catabolic/ anabolic) process, and this process is ___________(endergonic/exergonic)
1. substrate(s), active site 2. anabolic, endergonic
400
True or False: Both DNA and RNA have an OH bonded to the 3' Carbon. True or False: The "A" nitrogenous base only exists in DNA, not RNA. True or False: In a single strand, DNA nucleotides are linked via dehydration synthesis.
true, false, true
400
Cyanide binds to the active site of the electron transport chain protein cytochrome c oxidase, thereby preventing its substrate, cytochrome c, from binding. In this example, cyanide is acting as a __________________.
What is competitive inhibitor?
400
What are the products of the Kreb's cycle?
6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2
400
Put the basic steps of biofilm formation in order- ____cells begin producing extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix ____cells secrete quorum sensing signaling molecules ____ bacterial cells attach to a surface ____binding of quorum sensing molecules to receptors reaches a threshold level ____biofilm architecture becomes increasingly complex and eventually some cells leave the biofilm.
4, 2, 1, 3, 5
400
In this reaction: 2 X-P + 2 ADP --> 2 X + 2 ATP this is an example of ___________phosphorylation. We would expect the half reaction of 2 phosphoenolpyruvate --> 2 pyruvate to be _________(exergonic/endergonic).
substrate-level, exergonic
500
In DNA replication, the enzyme __________ breaks the H bonds between complementary nucleotides, forming a replication bubble. After the enzyme ________ adds complementary nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction, the enzyme _________ replaces the RNA primers with DNA. Gaps are sealed by the enzyme called _________.
1. helicase 2. DNA pol III 3. DNA pol I 4. ligase
500
ATCase is one of the enzymes in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. CTP, which is a final product of the pathway, can bind to an allosteric site on the enzyme, rendering the active site nonfunctional. In this example, CTP is a__________inhibitor, and since CTP is a product of the pathway, this is an example of___________ inhibition.
1) non-competitive (allosteric), 2) feedback
500
The electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are _________ (oxidized/reduced) at the electron transport chain. Electrons are passed from one carrier molecule to another, and this process is _________(exergonic/endergonic), allowing _____ to be pumped across the membrane. They flow down their gradient through the enzyme ___________.
1. oxidized 2. exergonic 3. H+ 4. ATP synthase
500
As a natural byproduct of metabolism, Pseudomonas species release waste products that, if allowed to accumulate, are toxic to Pseudomonas. Streptomyces bacteria can degrade these toxic products and use them as an energy source, removing them from the environment. The relationship between Pseudomonas and Streptomyces can be described as ____________ (synergism/ antagonism).
synergism