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Genetics I
transc/transl
Respiration and Fermentation
operons/DNA rep
!?!?!?!?! It's a surprise
100
In DNA, C binds to _____. They are connected by ____ hydrogen bonds.
G, 3
100
The -10 and -35 sequences are located in a region of DNA called the _______________. The enzyme ____________ recognizes and binds to these sequences.
promoter, RNA polymerase
100
C6H12O6 + 6____ +ADP --> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
O2
100
DNA replication is ________________, meaning one strand of the DNA is parental DNA, and the complementary strand is newly synthesized DNA.
semi-conservative
100
Enzyme that replaces RNA with DNA in DNA replication.
DNA pol I
200
In DNA, the 1' carbon is connected to: a) nitrogenous base b) phosphate c) H d) OH
A
200
In RHO-dependent termination, the RHO protein binds to a sequence near the ______ (5'/ 3') end of the ______ (DNA/RNA). It travels up the nucleic acid until it reaches the enzyme called _________, causing __________(transcription/translation) to terminate.
5, RNA, RNA polymerase, transcription
200
Per glucose molecule, how many NADH are produced during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coA?
2 NADH
200
DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand in the __' --> ___' direction. ________ strand synthesis occurs when nucleotides are added continuously, whereas Okazaki fragments are synthesized during _________strand synthesis.
5'--> 3' leading lagging
200
Here is a template DNA sequence: AAC GGT TTC CCA Write the amino acid sequence.
Leu- Pro-Lys-Gly
300
Which of the following is a difference between plasmids and chromosomes: a) plasmids are circular, whereas prokaryotic chromosomes are typically linear. b) All bacteria have plasmids, some have chromosomes. c) Plasmids are composed of RNA, chromosomes are composed of DNA. d) chromosomes contain essential genes for cell survival, plasmids contain genes that can confer advantages.
D
300
The ribosome binding site is _________ (upstream/downstream) of the start codon. The transcription termination site is ___________ (upstream/downstream) of the stop codon.
upstream, downstream
300
In this reaction of the Kreb's cycle Succinic acid + FAD --> Fumaric acid + FADH2 succinic acid is ________(reduced/oxidzed) to fumaric acid.
oxidized
300
True or False: When both lactose and glucose are present, the lac genes will not be expressed.
false
300
Give an example of a wild-type and mutant DNA template sequence that both code for the amino acid Histidine.What do you call this type of mutation?
What is GTA, GTG? silent?
400
True or False: Both DNA and RNA have an OH bonded to the 3' Carbon. True or False: The "A" nitrogenous base only exists in DNA, not RNA.
true, false
400
Below is the coding sequence of a gene. What is the sequence of amino acids in the protein it encodes? 5' ATGCTTAATGATTAG 3'
What is met-leu-asn-asp-stop?
400
What are the products of the Kreb's cycle?
6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2
400
On Mac agar, colonies of gram (-) bacteria that can ferment (catabolize) lactose appear pink. A color change is not observed for those that cannot ferment lactose. Suppose you grow a strain of E. coli that has a mutated lac I gene, such that the lac I repressor cannot bind allolactose. Predict the phenotype of this strain on Mac.
What is a color change will not be observed?
400
In this reaction: 2 X-P + 2 ADP --> 2 X + 2 ATP this is an example of ___________phosphorylation. We would expect the half reaction of 2 phosphoenolpyruvate --> 2 pyruvate to be _________(exergonic/endergonic).
substrate-level, exergonic
500
True or False: purines connect to pyrimidines in DNA. True or False: In a single strand, the H bonded to the 2' C of a nucleotide forms a hydrogen bond to the phosphate of another nucleotide. True or false: proteins are polymers of ribose sugars.
T, F, F
500
the antibiotic erythromycin disrupts protein synthesis by preventing movement of the ribosome along the mRNA. Suppose you are observing translation in action in the lab. You are using the mRNA below. You add erythromycin just before the 3rd bond between amino acids is about to be made. Which amino acid will you find in the A site? 5' AUG GGG GAU AGC GUU CAU CCU UGA 3'
serine
500
The electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are _________ (oxidized/reduced) at the electron transport chain. Electrons are passed from one carrier molecule to another, and this process is _________(exergonic/endergonic), allowing _____ to be pumped across the membrane. They flow down their gradient through the enzyme ___________.
1. oxidized 2. exergonic 3. H+ 4. ATP synthase
500
The trp operon is a/an __________(inducible/repressible) operon. The trp genes encode products involved in the __________(anabolism/catabolism) of tryptophan. When tryptophan binds to the repressor, the repressor_______ (binds to/falls off) the operator, and transcription ________ (occurs/does not occur).
What is repressible, anabolism, binds to, does not occur?
500
A tRNA has the anticodon AAU. What amino acid will it carry?
Leucine