Vertebrate
To be a vertebrate, you must have at least a _______
Backbone (but does not necessarily be made of bone)
The structures an animal has, also sometimes called its form, refers to its ________ whereas function refers to its ________
Anatomy, physiology
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
To aid in gas exchange (oxygen and CO2) between the lungs and the rest of the body
An egg travels via the ________ to get to the uterus.
Oviduct (or fallopian tubes)
Group of vertebrates that undergo metamorphosis
amphibians
________ are warmed mostly by metabolism-generated heat, whereas ________ gain most of their warmth from external resources
Endotherms, ectotherms
The small, complex network of blood vessels found on the outside of tissues for gas exchange
Capillaries
Sperm mature in the ________ of the testes and travel through the ________ before exiting the body through the urethra.
Epidiymis, vas deferens
This group of vertebrates are ectotherms that have keratinized scales and lay eggs, while this other group of vertebrates has feathers
Non-avian reptiles, birds
Which type of muscle is involuntarily contracted?
Smooth and cardiac muscle
What are the components of blood?
Red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, and plasma
The part of the brain that serves as the master control region that regulates a variety of physiological functions, including reproduction
Hypothalamus
This type of reproduction results in live birth of offspring after fertilized eggs hatch inside the female
The ________ nervous system transmits signals between the brain and the body. Whereas the ________ nervous system includes nerves connected to distant body sites like fingers, toes, and the heart
Central, peripheral
Describe the pathway that connects the right side of the heart to the left side of the heart
Right atria > right ventricle > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atria > left ventricle
The two hormones that contribute to gamete production in both ova and sperm producers
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is one reason the amniotic egg was crucial for the evolution of animals not reliant on water for reproduction
1. Protection for development outside of water
2. Gas exchange
3. Stores food in yolk
4. Acts as a shock absorber
Starting with the "cell," list the organization of structures of an organism in order from simplest to most complex
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
This vein transports deoxygenated blood while this vein transports oxygenated blood
(superior and inferior) vena cava, pulmonary vein
Remains of the follicle that secretes progesterone and promotes thickening of the endometrium
Corpus luteum