Vertebrate
To be a vertebrate, you must have at least a _______
Backbone (but does not necessarily be made of bone)
The structures an animal has, also sometimes called its form, refers to its ________ whereas function refers to its ________
Anatomy, physiology
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
To aid in gas exchange, oxygen and CO2, between the lungs and the rest of the body
An egg travels via the ________ to get to the uterus.
Oviduct (or fallopian tubes)
Group of vertebrates that undergo metamorphosis
amphibians
________ are warmed mostly by metabolism-generated heat, whereas ________ gain most of their warmth from external resources
Endotherms, ectotherms
The small, complex network of blood vessels found on the outside of tissues used for gas exchange
Capillaries
Sperm mature in the ________ of the testes and travel through the ________ before exiting the body through the urethra.
Epidiymis, vas deferens
Group of vertebrates that are ectotherms that have keratinized scales and lay eggs
Non-avian reptiles
Which type of muscle is involuntarily contracted?
Smooth and cardiac muscle
Name all 3 components of the cardiovascular system
Heart, blood, blood vessels
The part of the brain that serves as the master control region that regulates a variety of physiological functions, including reproduction
Hypothalamus
Freshwater/marine vertebrates that do not have jaws
Agnathans (hagfishes and lampreys)
The ________ nervous system transmits signals between the brain and the body. Whereas the ________ nervous system includes nerves connected to distant body sites like fingers, toes, and the heart
Central, peripheral
Blood pressure between heart pumps
Diastolic pressure
The two hormones that contribute to gamete production in both ova and sperm producers
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is one reason the amniotic egg was crucial for the evolution of animals not reliant on water for reproduction
1. Protection for development outside of water
2. Gas exchange
3. Stores food in yolk
4. Acts as a shock absorber
Starting with the "cell," list the organization of structures of an organism in order from simplest to most complex
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
The first step in the cycle is ________ blood entering the heart through the ________ into the right atrium. The last step is ________ blood exiting the heart through the ________ to transport oxygen to the rest of the body.
Deoxygenated, vena cava
Oxygenated, aorta
Remains of the follicle that secretes progesterone and promotes thickening of the endometrium
Copus leutum