Define
What is a sticky end?
DNA cuts that are staggered, more ideal
Staggered cuts in DNA are called blunt ends.
F- this is sticky ends, what are blunt ends?
A _____, a population of cells derived from a single parent cell.
clone
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase chain reaction
Humans use ______ ______ to select desirable breeds of animals or strains of plants to cultivate
artificial selection
What is the genomic library?
A collection of clones containing different DNA fragments
Eukaryotic cell genes contain exons, which are intervening stretches of DNA that do not code for a protein.
A group of similar families constitutes a..
What is one method of transferring DNA to cells?
Transformation, electroporation, protoplast fusion, gene gun, microinjection
T or F: Eukaryotic organelles undergo binary fission.
T
What is gel electrophoresis
DNA fragments are placed in a layer of agarose gel, then shocked with an electrical current, the fragments migrate
Bergey's manual classifies bacteria based on criteria such as cell wall composition, morphology, differential staining, oxygen requirements, & biochemical testing
T
T or F: Phages are strains with different antigens, such as the pathogenic E. coli O157: H7
F- Serotypes, serovars, or biovars, not phages
Why was forensic microbiology developed?
Hospitals, food manufactures, and individuals can be sued in court & because microorganisms can be used as weapons
What is antiserum?
Solutions if known antibodies used for identifying microorganisms, very important medically
What is Southern blotting?
Taking DNA fragments, exposing them to gel electrophoresis, transfer the fragments to a filter by blotting, then expose them to labeled probe from cloned gene of interest, hybridization will occur between gene of interest & labeled probe, resulting in identification of favored gene segments
Flow cytometry can be used to identify Listeria in milk, the benefit to this method is bacteria can be identified without culturing the bacteria.
T
What is this? Show image A from Google slides
DNA chips/microarray
Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects certain plants, releases __ _____ which causes the formation of a tumorlike growth called a crown gall.
Ti plasmid
What is this? Show image B
Protoplast fusion
What is reverse genetics?
An approach to discovering the function of a gene from a genetic sequence, connect a given genetic sequence with specific effects on the organism
In DNA fingerprinting, the DNA fragments are called FAME.
F- RFLP, FAME is the acronym for fatty acid methyl ester, which is used in fatty acid profiles
What does the ELISA test detect?
HIV antibodies
In Southern blotting, we have separated the RFLPs by gel electrophoresis, what is the next step?
Transfer these fragments to a nitrocellulose filter by blotting.
How are Dichotomous keys & cladograms different?
Dichotomous keys are questions with two possible answers, leading you to identification of a microorganism, while cladograms show evolutionary relationships, displaying features shared by various species in proximity to one another