Central Dogma
The enzyme that replicates DNA.
What is DNA polymerase III?
The essential genes found in all strains of a species.
What is a core genome?
The error repair system that involves fixing mismatched nucleotides.
Proteins that bind to DNA to regulate transcription.
What are DNA Binding Transcriptional Regulators (activators, repressors, inducers)?
This type of immunity is non-specific.
What is innate immunity?
DNA Topoisomerase IV.
What is the main enzyme involved in decatenation?
The bond that connects amino acids.
What are peptide bonds?
These are the two types of frameshift mutations.
What are insertions and deletions?
The uptake of free DNA from the environment.
What is transformation?
This step of the viral life cycle determines specificity.
What is attachment?
The RNA polymerase subunit that determines which promoter it binds to.
The type of RNA that contains a ribosome binding site, translational start codon, reading frame, and stop codon.
What is mRNA?
The polymerase that copies over damaged nucleotides.
What is DNA Polymerase IV?
A virus that infects Bacteria.
What is a bacteriophage?
These are infectious misfolded proteins.
What are prions?
Rho-dependent and Rho-independent.
What are the types of transcription termination?
A single operon expresses multiple genes but produces this many mRNA transcripts.
What is "one?"
A mutation that causes a strain to have a nonfunctional pathway and need certain nutrients from the environment to survive.
What is an auxotroph?
The plasmid that carries genes required for conjugative DNA transfer.
What is the F (fertility) plasmid?
In this type of viral release the host cell remains intact.
What is lysogeny (temperate)?
The type of bond that holds together protein secondary structure.
What are Hydrogen bonds?
This protein binds to ter sites to stop DNA polymerase III during termination of replication.
What is the Tus protein?
The SOS regulatory system is activated by this.
What is extensive DNA damage?
Chemotaxis is an example of this gene regulation system.
What is a two-component regulatory system?
In this type of adaptive immunity the cell stores foreign DNA sequences as spacers.
What is CRISPR-Cas?