CH 3
Describe phototroph and chemosynthesis.
phototroph: organisms convert light energy into chemical energy (in chemical bonds)
chemosynthesis:those that use chemical bonds as their primary source of energy
_____ is the primary energy source o=for most chemoheterotrophs.
glucose
Name the organelle that CR takes place.
mitochondria
Name the place photosynthesis reaction occurs.
Chloroplast
What specific ion in chorophyll helps to accommodate and donate electrons?
Mg2+
List three ways organisms use light for defense mechanisms
1. luminous lure: angler fish
2. smoke screen: copepod
3.counter-illumination: light on belly on fish
4. separate body part: worm
5."burglar alarm": cnidarian, shrimp, and octopus
What are the reactions for both CR and photosynthesis?
photo:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light ------> C6H12O6 + 6 O2
CR: reverse
What are the steps of the CR?
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb Cycle
3. ETC
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
What are the steps for photosynthesis?
1. light-dependent cycle
2. light-independent cycle/Calvin cycle
What is the difference between exergonic and endergonic reaction?
exergonic: decreases free energy delta G, reaction spontaneous, energy released, catabolism
endergonic: increase free energy delta G, reaction non-spontaneous, energy absorbed, anabolism
_____ is the process that builds molecules and requires an input of energy whereas ____ breaks down molecules and releases energy.
Anabolism, catabolism
With 1 rotation of the ATP synthase, how many ATP are generated?
3 ATP
What is the energy that creates the gradient in the ETC?
concentration gradient/proton gradient
How many carbon dioxide molecules are made in the process?
6 CO2
How are enzymes important to activation energy?
Enzymes reduce the amount of energy needed to complete a reaction, decrease the Ea for reactions
Draw a redox reaction.
Answers will vary
What are the three phases of the Glycolytic Pathway?
Phase 1:
1 glucose + 2ATP consumed
2 glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) generated
Phase 2: For every 1 glucose (two G3P molecules)
2 ATP and 2 NADH generated
Phase 3: For every 1 initial glucose molecule
2 ATP + 2 pyruvate generated
How many ATP are created at the end of the CR process?
2 glycolysis, 2 Kreb, 32-34 ETC/Oxidative Phosphorylation
How many ATP are made in photosynthesis?
38 ATP
T/F All chlorophyll absorb the same amount of energy at the same wavelength on the visible light scale.
False, each cholorophyll has their own unique absorbance at specific parts of the visible wavelength graph.
Describe the First and Second law of Thermodynamics.
First Law: Energy can be converted, but not created nor destroyed
Second: the universe tends towards greater disorder or randomness
What is the most abundant protein on the planet?
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
RuBisCO
List any additional molecules that are important for this process.
Answers will vary
List any additional molecules that are important for this process.
Answers will vary.
Draw the full reaction: choose CR or Photosynthesis.
Answers will vary.