Cell Cycle Basics
This is the longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for division.
What is interphase?
This phase is characterized by chromosome condensation and spindle formation.
What is prophase?
This is the key difference between meiosis and mitosis in terms of resulting cells.
What is meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells?
In humans, this is the number of chromosomes in a diploid somatic cell
what is 46
These identical halves make up a duplicated chromosome
what are sister chromatids
During this part of interphase, DNA is replicated
what is the s phase
During this phase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
What is metaphase?
This process during Prophase I increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic material.
What is crossing over
These are the tightly packed forms of DNA seen during cell division.
what are chromosomes
The region where sister chromatids are joined.
what is a centromere.
The G1 and G2 phases are primarily involved in this activity
What is cell growth and preparation for mitosis?
In this phase, sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles.
what is anaphase
The pairing of homologous chromosomes is called this
what is synapsis
This term describes the relaxed, thread-like form of DNA found during interphase.
what is chromatin
A cell with two sets of chromosomes is called this
what is a diploid
These are the three subphases of interphase, in order.
What are G1, S, and G2?
This structure anchors the spindle fibers to the chromosomes.
what is a kintechore
During this phase of Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate.
what is anaphase I
This process duplicates DNA so each daughter cell gets a full genome.
what is DNA replication
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis is called this.
what is nondisjunction
his phase follows the G2 checkpoint and commits the cell to mitosis
What is the M phase (Mitotic phase)?
After telophase, this process divides the cytoplasm and completes cell division
what is cytokinesis
Unlike mitosis, this phase of meiosis does not replicate DNA before division.
what is meiosis II
This complex of DNA and protein helps package and regulate DNA within the nucleus.
What are histones
These are the specific points on a chromosome where crossing over occurs
What are chiasmata?