Macromolecules
What complex polysaccharide makes up the cell wall of plants?
Cellulose
What is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration at the ETC?
O2 (then it is quickly turned to water)
What is the function of water in photosynthesis?
Water is split and drops off electrons at photosystem II during the light-dependent reactions
Which of the following do all living eukaryotic cells have?
DNA
Cell membrane
Plasmid
Cell wall
DNA and cell membrane
Define simple diffusion
Particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration through the membrane without help
Glucose is stored as _____________ in the human body and is stored as _______________ in plants.
Glycogen and Starch
The main purpose of Krebs Cycle (AKA Citric Acid Cycle) is:
Charge electron carrier molecules (FADH2 + NADH)
What happens to the electrons in photosystem II when light is absorbed?
They get excited and move up and energy level!
Endocytosis needs this cell structure to carry things into the cell: __________________
Vesicle
Pinocytosis is the movement of a large amount of _____________ into the cell.
Describe the structure of the phospholipid bilayer.
heads = hydrophilic
tails = hydrophobic
Why does glycolysis have a net gain of 2 ATP?
It makes 4, but two are used to start the reaction
What is the final electron acceptor of photosynthesis?
NAD+
The golgi body in the cell secretes a lot of _______________.
PROTIENS
Which of the options below is not passive transport?
Osmosis
Endocytosis
Simple Diffusion
Exocytosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Endo/Exocytosis
Describe what would happen to a protein if it was exposed to heat or acid.
Denaturation
ATP is made when H+ ions move from an area of ________ to _________ concentration through ____________________.
High to low through ATP synthase
What are the products of the light-independent reactions?
ATP and NADPH and O2
Free floating ribosomes make proteins for ____________ the cell and bound ribosomes make proteins for ____________ the cell.
Bound = outside
Active transport is the movement of molecules from _______ to ________ concentrations using ______________.
Low to high using ATP
Match each macromolecule to its monomer.
Proteins -
Nucleic Acid-
Lipids-
Carbohydrates-
Protein = amino acids
Nucelic acids = nucleotide
Lipids = no true monomer (but can be glycerol + fatty acids)
Carbs = monosaccharides
Cellular respiration is a ________________ reaction and photosynthesis is a ________________ reaction.
Cell resp = hydrolysis
Photosyn = dehydration
Name and describe 3 structures of a chloroplast.
Chlorophyll
Grana
Thylakoid
Stroma
List the three functions of the Smooth ER
1) Detoxifies the cell
2) Calcium storage
3) Makes lipids
A cell is placed in a solution that is 30% salt. The cell has a concentration of 25% salt.
The cell is ______________ to its environment.
HYPOTONIC