Biochemistry
Where is chemical energy stored?
Bonds
What kind of cell has membrane bound organelles?
eukaryote (also accept plant/animal)
What is the goal of photosynthesis?
To make glucose!
Also accept to fix carbon into a biologically useful form
What organelle is important for cellular respiration in eukaryotes?
mitochondria
What type of transport requires ATP?
Active transport
What is the job of RNA
To transport instructions/information from DNA to the ribosome where it can be read to form protein.
What organelle is responsible for movement and structure within a cell?
cytoskeleton
Where do the light dependent reactions occur?
Thylakoids!
What molecule is broken down in glycolysis and where does glycolysis occur?
glucose and glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion is the passive movement of any particle down its concentration gradient
Osmosis is specific to the movement of water down its concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane
What macromolecule has both polar (hydrophilic) and nonpolar (hydrophobic) areas?
lipids
What happens to proteins made at the RER? (at least three things)
They are sent to the Golgi (in vesicles)
They are modified at the Golgi
They are packaged in vesicles
They are sent to the cell membrane where they leave the cell
Why are chloroplasts green?
They contain chlorophyll which is a pigment that absorbs some colors of light but reflects green
What are the steps of cellular (aerobic) respiration?
glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
What type of transport allows particles to move down their concentration gradient through a protein pore or channel?
facilitated diffusion
What macromolecule is responsible for building the cytoskeleton?
protein
What is the fluid mosaic model?
A description of the structure of the lipid bilayer where the lipid bilayer moves like a liquid and proteins are stuck inside it (like mosaic tiles)
Which reactant of photosynthesis is used in the light reactions and which product is produced?
H2O is used and O2 is produced
What are the types of fermentation and give an example cell that can perform each.
lactic acid fermentation--happens in muscle cells and some bacteria
alcoholic fermentation--happens in yeast
Why does exocytosis require ATP?
The vesicle utilized to transport materials to the membrane is moved using a motor protein that uses 1 ATP for every step along the cytoskeleton towards the membrane
What are two things that can result in the denaturation of a protein?
You need two of these three options that interrupt the Hydrogen bonds that give the protein 3D structure
1. High heat 2. High pH 3. low pH
DO NOT accept low heat/freezing
What do you call a collection of cells of the same type that perform the same function?
Tissue
What reactant of photosynthesis goes into the dark (aka light-independent) reactions and which product emerges from those reactions
carbon dioxide goes in (reactant) and glucose comes out (product)
What are the steps of anaerobic respiration and why is each performed?
1. glycolysis to make 2 ATP
2. Fermentation to regenerate the electron carrier NAD+ to keep glycolysis going
What kind of a solution would result in water leaving a cell?
hypertonic solution