Nucleic acids
What term(s) describes the type of reaction in which monomers polymerize?
A. hydrolysis
B. dehydration
C. condensation
D. A and B
E. B and C
F. A and C
G. all of the above
E. B and C
What type of bond forms when electrons are shared equally between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Polar covalent bond
C) Nonpolar covalent bond
D) Hydrogen bond
Answer: C) Nonpolar covalent bond
What are the monomers of proteins?
A) Monosaccharides
B) Amino acids
C) Nucleotides
D) Fatty acids
Answer: B) Amino acids
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
A) Structural support
B) Energy storage
C) Genetic information
D) Catalysis
Answer: B) Energy storage
What is the main function of lipids in cell membranes?
A) Providing structural support
B) Energy storage
C) Creating a hydrophobic barrier
D) Catalyzing reactions
Answer: C) Creating a hydrophobic barrier
What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand 5’ ATGCCG 3’?
A) 5’ CGGCAT 3’
B) 3’ TACGGC 5’
C) 5’ TACGGC 3’
D) 3’ UACGGC 5’
B) 3’ TACGGC 5’
Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?
A) They are less dense than water
B) They are more dense than water
C) The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
D)The majority of their bonds are non polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages.
D)The majority of their bonds are non polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages.
Name the bond that links amino acids together in a protein.
A) Glycosidic bond
B) Peptide bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Ionic bond
Answer: B) Peptide bond
Name the monosaccharide that serves as the main energy source in the body.
A) Fructose
B) Glucose
C) Galactose
D) Sucrose
Answer: B) Glucose
Which lipid molecule forms the bilayer of cell membranes?
A) Cholesterol
B) Triglycerides
C) Phospholipids
D) Steroids
Answer: C) Phospholipids
The directionality of a nucleic acid strand arises from the fact that
A. DNA lacks a hydroxyl group (OH) at one position of the ribose sugar
B. only A and T or G and C base pairs form
C. the two ends of the strand have the same chemical groups
D. when two DNA strands pair they run in the same direction
E. the two ends of the strand have different chemical groups
E. the two ends of the strand have different chemical groups
What is the pH of a solution with a hydronium ion concentration of 10^-4 M?
A) pH 2
B) pH 4
C) pH 6
D) pH 8
Answer: B) pH 4
What is the primary structure of a protein?
A) The sequence of amino acids
B) The overall shape of the protein
C) The folding of the protein chain
D) The bonding of multiple protein chains
Answer: A) The sequence of amino acids
What is the main structural difference between starch and cellulose?
A) The types of sugars used
B) The bonding between sugar molecules
C) The length of the polysaccharide chain
D) The ability to store energy
Answer: B) The bonding between sugar molecules
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
A) Saturated fats contain double bonds
B) Unsaturated fats contain double bonds
C) Saturated fats are liquid at room temperature
D) Unsaturated fats are solid at room temperature
Answer: B) Unsaturated fats contain double bonds
DNAase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNAase?
A. The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
B. The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
C. The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
D. The two strands of the double helix would separate, leaving single strands of DNA.
E. All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
C. The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
What property of water allows it to dissolve many substances?
A) High specific heat
B) Polarity
C) Low density
D) Neutral pH
Answer: B) Polarity
What type of bond stabilizes an alpha-helix in a protein’s secondary structure?
A) Peptide bonds
B) Hydrogen bonds
C) Ionic bonds
D) Disulfide bonds
Answer: B) Hydrogen bonds
How do alpha and beta glucose differ?
A) By the position of the hydroxyl group on the first carbon
B) By the type of bond formed with other glucose molecules
C) By their ability to store energy
D) By the number of carbon atoms
Answer: A) By the position of the hydroxyl group on the first carbon
The "selectivity" of a particular ion channel refers to its
A. permitting passage by negative but not positive ions
B. permitting passage by positive but not negative ions
C. binding with only one type of neurotransmitter
D. permitting passage only to a specific ion
E. ability to change its size depending on the ion needing transport
D. permitting passage only to a specific ion
If a DNA sample were composed of 20% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 40%
E. 80%
F. It is impossible to determine from the information given.
C. 30%
Increased industrialization has caused a rise in harmful acid rain precipitation that affects plant and marine life. A sample of acid rain has a proton concentration 10,000 times greater than pure water and more than 100,000 times greater than seawater. What is the approximate pH of this sample?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
F) 6
G) 7
H) 9
I) 11
J) 13
What describes the quaternary structure of proteins?
A) The sequence of amino acids
B) The three-dimensional folding of a single polypeptide
C) The bonding of multiple polypeptide subunits
D) The formation of alpha-helices and beta-sheets
Answer: C) The bonding of multiple polypeptide subunits
Enzymes that readily break starch apart cannot hydrolyze the glycosidic linkages found in cellulose. Why is this logical?
A. The geometry of the bonds is different, and the shapes of enzyme active sites are highly specific.
B. Cellulose molecules are highly branched, and enzymes are too bulky to fit.
C. Starch is held together by hydrogen bonding, not covalent bonding.
D. Starch is held together by peptide bonds, not glycosidic linkages.
A. The geometry of the bonds is different, and the shapes of enzyme active sites are highly specific.
Which of the following would be used for moving glucose from a low concentration on the outside of a cell to a high concentration on the inside?
A. simple diffusion
B. active transport
C. osmosis
D. facilitated diffusion though an ion channel
E. facilitated diffusion though a transporter protein
B. active transport