DNA and Traits
What type of biological molecule is coded for in each gene?
Protein
What are the monomers of proteins?
What term describes a change in the DNA sequence of a gene that results in one nucleotide being changed?
Point Mutation
Define homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment
Define an adaptation
A trait an organism has, inherited or mutation, that helps it survive to reproduce.
Why are two proteins made from two different genes different shapes?
The order of their amino acid chains are different
What is the role of an enzyme in a cell?
Speed up chemical reactions (digestion, synthesis, etc.)
How do mutations in one organism get passed on to the next generation?
If the mutation is present in the gametes, and the organism survives to reproduce, then the offspring of that organism will have the mutation.
Define negative feedback
When a stimulus causes a change and the body changes to bring whatever changed to set point.
What makes an organism fit in terms of evolution?
Their ability to survive and reproduce.
Which step of gene expression converts a DNA sequence into an mRNA sequence?
Transcription
Why is enzyme shape important for function?
Enzymes fit perfectly only with their substrate, lock and key model
Why is variation within a population important for survival?
It increases the chance some individuals will survive changes in the environment
Define positive feedback
When a stimulus causes a change and the body keeps it that way.
True or false: An individual organism can adapt to their changing environment.
False
What are the 4 base pairings used in transcription?
A-U
T-A
G-C
C-G
Name two types of biological molecules that are proteins
Enzymes, hormones, insulin, lactase
State one way scientists could determine whether a trait is inherited rather than acquired.
1. Check if the mutation is in the gametes or just somatic (body) cells
2. Make a pedigree chart to track the trait through generations
Blood sugar will become too high or too low.
State one piece of evidence that could support the idea that two species share a common ancestor.
Similar DNA, protein structure
Explain why a mutation in a gene can change the function of a protein.
It can change the shape of the protein, stopping it from performing its function.
How do enzymes help the digestive and circulatory systems interact?
Enzymes break up large molecules in the digestive system into smaller molecules that can pass into the circulatory system to get to cells around the body.
What are 2 of the 4 conditions Darwin said that must be there for natural selection to occur?
Overproduction, Variation, Adaptation, Selection
Explain how a feedback mechanism helps regulate blood glucose levels.
After eating, blood sugar increases. Body releases insulin, which brings blood sugar back to set point. Blood sugar starts to go low and glucagon lets sugar out of storage in cells to raise blood sugar.
Give three types of evidence for evolution
Homologous structures, embryology, fossils, molecular evidence, vestigial structures,