Cell Biology
Recall three structures that all cells have in common.
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
DNA / Genetic material
The biological name for the windpipe is the _______.
Trachea
During inhalation air moves....
Inwards / Into the lungs from the outside
Provides the cell with support. In plants it contains the chemical called cellulose
Cell Wall
Breathing is automatic. This means we don't have to think about it (True or False)
True
False
What are organisms composed of many cells referred to as?
Multicellular
What is the major role of the respiratory system?
To obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide by the process of breathing.
Describe what happens to the diaphragm, intercostal muscles and ribs during exhalation.
Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
Intercostal muscles relax
Ribs move up and out
Identify three features of alveoli that make them a good surface for gas exchange.
Thin walls
Large number of them
Moist
Surrounded by capillary networks/vascular
In multicellular organisms cells that perform the same function are not scattered throughout the body; they are grouped together to form _______.
Tissues
Recall, in sequential order, the structures that air passes through on its way from the external environment to the alveoli.
Mouth/nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What is the word equation for cellular respiration?
Energy rich food (e.g. glucose) + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Explain how the respiratory system and circulatory system are interconnected.
The respiratory system allows the body to obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide which is then transported in blood vessels / in the blood.
OR
Capillaries surround alveoli allowing gases to be exchanged, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli and into the blood whereas, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into alveoli.
Describe how the pressure and volume changes during 'breathing'.
During inhalation volume in the lungs is larger and therefore, pressure in the lungs is lower than outside. During exhalation volume in the lungs is smaller and therefore, pressure in the lungs is higher than outside.