Enzymes
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes reactions and speeds them up.
Diffusion is a type of passive transport that moves from a ______ concentration to a _____ concentration of solute
High, low
What goes into the Calvin Cycle?
NADPH, ATP, CO2
What type of living creatures use photosynthesis to generate energy?
Photoautotrophs
Where in the chloroplast does photosynthesis occur?
The thylakoid
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
They lower the activation energy of the reaction
What is the relationship between ATP and 3rd phosphate bond?
Energy is stored in 3rd phosphate bond, when ATP loses its 3rd phosphate group it becomes ADP. When the 3rd phosphate group is removed it releases energy
What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?
G3P
What’s the difference between chlorophyll a and b?
Chlorophyll a directly participates in light reactions while b does not (it conveys absorbed energy to chlorophyll a)
What is G3P and what is it used for?
G3P is an extremely important building block of things in the plant like glucose
What model do enzymes use to bond with the molecule
Induced fit model, the enzyme can change the shape of its activation site to make the molecule fit into the site
What is the structure of ATP?
ATP is composed of ribose, adenine and three phosphate groups
What makes the Calvin Cycle a cycle?
Excess reactants such as ADP+P and NADP+ get reused by the plant so they are not wasted
The energy from the 1st electron transfer change powers what?
The pumping of H+ ions up the gradient
What is the use of pigments in photosynthesis?
Pigments absorb the light from the sun that excites the electron that travels down the electron transport chain.
What are the two ways an enzyme inhibitor can stop an enzyme from working
Competitive: the inhibitor goes into the active site blocking the molecule from entering the active site
Non-Competitive: The inhibitor attaches to another part of the enzyme, causing the shape of the active site to change
Why is active transport so important, and how does it work
Active transport is important because it is important to transport solute from a low to a high concentration. This is done by using ATP to power transport proteins to help move the solute against the gradient
Why is the Calvin Cycle so important to the survival of the plant? What would happen if the Calvin Cycle was no longer able to work?
The Calvin Cycle is important because it produces the Glucose that is necessary for the plant to survive. If the Calvin Cycle were to stop working, it would cause the plants to die as it would not be able to produce or store any energy that it needs to keep itself alive.
What would happen if photosystem II suddenly stopped working?
H+ ions wouldn’t be able to get pumped into the thylakoid space meaning that they wouldn’t go through the ATP synthase, so it wouldn’t be able to aid in the production of ATP, it also wouldn’t be able to form NADPH with NADP+ meaning that the Calvin Cycle wouldn’t be able to work, meaning the plant would die.
What is the function of Rubisco in the Calvin Cycle?
It is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction between RuBP and CO2.