Classifying organisms
Define Dichotomous key
Dichotomous key is a series of descriptions arranged in pairs that lead the user to the identification of an unknown organism.
Define Macromolecules
Macromolecules form by joining many small molecules together.
Define Glycolysis
Glycolysis is a process by which glucose, a sugar is broken down into smaller molecules.
What simple sugar is the main product of photosynthesis?
Glucose
Describe how the branch of a cladogram shows relationships between organisms.
# Each branch point on a cladogram represents a shared ancestor.
# New traits appear at each branch, showing how organisms are related.
# The closer two organisms are on the diagram,
the more traits they share.
Define cladogram
A cladogram is a branched diagram that shows the relationships among organisms,including common ancestors.
Define Cell theory
*The cell is the smallest unit of life.
*All new cells come from preexisting cells.
Define Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy,water and carbon dioxide into the food energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen.
Which part of the plant leaf has small openings that allow gases like CO2 and O2 to move in and out?
The stomata.
How do plants capture light energy?
Chlorophyll a pigment in chloroplast,absorb,traps and stores the energy in light.
Define : Binomial nomenclature
It gives each organism a two-words specific name
*The first part is the Genus
*The second part is the species.
Which scientists contributed to the development of the cell theory and what did they discover?
*Robert Hooke named cells.
*Schleiden said plants are made of cells.
*Schwann said animals are made of cells.
*Virchow stated that new cells come from existing cells.
Cellular respiration define
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.
In which two organelles do photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place?
Photosynthesis--Chloroplast.
Cellular respiration--Mitochondrion.
Why do muscle cells switch to fermentation during heavy exercise?
Wheh oxygen runs low, muscles cannot do full respiration,so they use fermentation to keep making a little ATP, even though lactic acid buildup.
List the correct orders to classify a species.
Domain -->Kingdom -->phylum -->Class -->
Order -->Family -->Genus -->Species.
Define:
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids:It is macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together.
Proteins:Proteins are long chains of amino acids molecules.
Lipids:Lipids is a large macromolecules that does not dissolve in water.
Carbohydrates:One sugar molecule,two sugar molecule or a long chain of sugar molecules make up carbohydrates.
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?
The product of one(oxygen and glucose) are the reactants of the other.(CO2 and H2O)
Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6CO2+6H2O+ light energy ---> C6H12O6+6O2
Why do yeast cells make bubbles in bread dough?
Yeast uses fermentation without oxygen,which makes CO2 gas that gets trapped in the dough and makes the bread rise.
Describe how to use a Dichotomous key?
# Dichotomous key works by giving you two choice at each step.
# You pick the description that matches your organism,which leads you to the next pair of choices.
# You keep going until you reach the organism's name.
List the monomer ,polymer and function of each macromolecule.
Carbohydrates
Monomer: Monosaccharides
Polymer: Polysaccharides
Function : Provide energy.
Proteins
Monomer:amino acids
Polymer: polypeptides(proteins)
Functions: do the work of the cell (build and repair tissues, provide structure)
Lipids
Monomer: fatty acids and glycerol
Polymer: Phospholipids, Vitamin A
Function: store long term energy
Nucleic Acid
Monomer: nucleotides
Polymer: DNA & RNA
Function: stores and transmits genetic information.
Why does fermentation make less energy than respiration?
*Fermentation makes only 2 ATP.
*Because it does not use O2 to fully breakdown glucose.
Wlhy is cellular respiration essential for both plants and animals,even though plants make their own glucose?
Because glucose must be broken down into usable
ATP energy ,which powers growth,repair and all life
processes.
Why can photosynthesis occur in a purple leaf?
The leaves reflect light that makes them look purple,and the purple color masks the green color.The leaves still contain the green pigment chlorophyll.