Vocab 1
archaea
a member of the domain Archaea, which contains certain kinds of prokaryotic organisms, many of which are extremophiles. They do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
any of a group of organisms that thrive in very acidic environments, such as acidic hot springs.
acidophile
A virus that infects bacteria.
bacteriophage
the organic molecule that carries genetic information in the form of either RNA or DNA
nucleic acid
the rapid infection and destruction of a host cell by a virus, resulting in more virus particles
lytic cycle
Any of a group of organisms that thrive in hot environments, such as hydrothermal vents.
thermophile
A member of a large domain of prokaryotic organisms. They may have pepdidoglycan in their cell walls.
bacterium
The collective genomes of the microorganisms (microbiota) that live in an environmental niche.
microbiome
a lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsid in some viruses
envelope
a small infectious agent that can reproduce only inside the living cells of another organism
virus
Any of the group of organisms in the domain Archaea that live in anaerobic environments and produce methane during metabolism.
methanogen
A type of asexual reproduction used by all prokaryotes
binary fission
the capital of Spain
Madrid
a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid of a virus
capsid
a type of viral reproduction in which a virus's genetic material is reproduced by the host cell during normal cell division, resulting in daughter cells that both contain the viral material
lysogenic cycle
Any of a group of organisms that thrive in extremely salty environments, such as the Great Salt Lake.
halophile
The transfer of plasmid material from one bacterium to another through a conjugation tube
conjugation
An agent that causes disease
pathogen
a protein that attaches to specific cell surfaces
spike
the capital of Maryland
Annapolis
A protein found in the cell walls of bacteria but not archaea.
pepdidoglycan
The process of a bacterium taking in free-floating DNA from its environment, after which the bacterium can express traits coded for by the new DNA.
transformation
The transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage
transduction
short for "proteinaceous infectious particle," an infectious agent made entirely of protein; tends to infect brains of mammals and other animals
prion
a virus that can force a host cell to transcribe the viral RNA into the host's DNA
retrovirus