Structure of DNA
This term describes the small units or monomers of DNA
What are nucleotides (or nucleic acids)?
The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle is called...
What is replication?
This term describes a molecule made up of nucleotides that stores genetic instructions that ribosomes can use to make proteins
What is RNA?
This process converts, or translates, an mRNA message into a polypeptide which make up proteins
What is translation?
This term describes a change in an organism's DNA
What is a mutation?
This phrase describes the physical structure and appearance of a strand of DNA, describing how it appears to be a twisted ladder
What is a double helix?
This term describes a group of enzymes that bonds new nucleotides together to create a new complimentary strand during replication
What is DNA polymerase?
This process copies a sequence of DNA to produce a complimentary strand of RNA
What is transcription?
This term describes a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid
What is a codon?
This type of mutation occurs when one nucleotide is substituted for another
What is a point mutation?
Base pairing rules dictate that thymine (T) pairs with...
What is adenine (A)?
What is the first step of replication?
The initial DNA molecule unzips as nucleotide base pairs separate
This type of RNA is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
This type of codon signals the end of an amino acid chain
What is a stop codon?
This type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence
What is a frame shift mutation?
Base pairing rules dictate that cytosine (C) always pairs with...
What is Guanine (G)?
What is the second step of replication?
Free-floating nucleotides pair up with the exposed bases on each template strand of DNA according to base pairing rules
This type of RNA forms part of a ribosomes, a cell's protein factories
What is Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
This type of codon (that codes for the amino acid, methionine) signals the start of translation
What is a start codon?
This term describes agents in the environment that can change DNA (causing mutations)
What is a mutagen?
Hershey and Chase confirmed that DNA is the genetic material of life through their experimentation with a specific kind of virus that invades bacteria called...
What is a bacteriophage?
What is the third step of replication?
Two new double-stranded DNA molecules, identical to the initial strand, result from replication
This type of RNA brings amino acid from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Can amino acids be coded for by more than one codon?
Fill in the blank:
1. ___________ copies DNA
2. _____________ converts DNA to RNA
3. ___________ interprets RNA into amino acids which are used to build more complicated proteins
1. Replication
2. Transcription
3. Translation