Definitions
What is a mutation?
A change in the organism's DNA.
What is the purpose of DNA replication
To produce two identical copies of a DNA molecule.
Describe the shape of a DNA strand
It looks like a twisted ladder.
Name one important scientist who contributed to the modern understandings of genetics.
James Watson and Francis Crick solved the structure of DNA.
The difference between the three RNA
Messenger- mRNA
Ribosomal-rRNA
Transfer- tRNA
One of the structural components of DNA and RNA is?
The process of translating the sequence of mRNA molecules to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
DNA Translation
List the three parts of a nucleotide
Nitrogen base, a Pentose sugar, Phosphate sugar.
Translate the following DNA sequence into an mRNA sequence : TAC CGT AAC GTT GGA
mRNA: AUG GCA UUG CAA CCU
True or false: RNA is shorter than DNA
true
What are mutagens?
Agents in the environment that can change DNA.
Explain the process of DNA replication
DNA replication is when the DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
What two bonds does DNA have?
Hydrogen and covalent bond.
Why do not all mutations have a negative effect?
Not all mutations have the same type of effect because some mutations actually help the organism.
Identify two types of mutations.
Point Mutation: Is the substitutes a nucleotide
Frameshift Mutations completely delete the nucleotide.
The purpose of DNA Transcription is?
The purpose of DNA transcription is to produce an mRNA copy of a gene.
List at least two enzymes in DNA replication
DNA polymerase: it is the enzyme that synthesizes DNA.
DNA helicase its main function is the unpackage the genes of an organism.
The Genes DNA sequence is copied to make an RNA molecule, RNA polymerase uses one of the DNA strands as a template to make a new RNA molecule.
The process of DNA Transcription