All About Carbonš¤
Any molecule with a carbon backbone is an _____
How many valence electrons do O, N, and H have?
O:6
N:5
H:1
What is truism?
Biological polymers always start
with H on one end and OH on the other
What is an isomer?
compounds
with the same molecular
formula but different
structures and properties
What are Functional Groups?
are the components of
organic molecules that are most
commonly involved in chemical reactions
How many bonds can carbon make?
4
what does the suffix "-ate" mean.
contains oxygen
Dehydration synthesis vs Hydrolysis.
Dehydration Synthesis: removes water molecule forming new bond
Hydrolysis: Adds water, breaking bond
If two molecules were a mirror image of each other what type of isomer are they?
Enantiomers
What are the four functional groups you need to know for the test?
Carboxyl,Amino, Sulfhydrl, Phosphate
What do hydrocarbons consist of? Which macromolecule tends to have hydrocarbons?
Hydrogen and carbon, Fats/Lipids
what is the suffix for single bonds, double bonds and triple bonds
-ane, -ene, -yne
What is the covalent bond between two monosaccharides bond together.
glycosidic linkage
Cis-trans isomers
have the
same covalent bonds but
differ in spatial
arrangements
What functional group is this?
Carboxyl
Can the carbon atoms in a double bond bend, twist, or move easily?
no
How many carbons does benzene this have?
6
What do we call molecules with the functional group at the end? Middle?
Aldoses, Ketoses
What type of isomers do these molecules represent?
Structural
What functional group is this?
Amino
What are carbons most frequent partners? Aka what elements
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
What are the four ways hydrocarbons can vary from one another?
Length, branching, double-bond position, presence of rings
What are the polymers of carbohydrates, protein, and nucleic acid?
simple sugar, amino acid, nucleotides
Why are isomers so important?
They determine the function and properties of molecules
What functional group is this?
Sulfhydryl