Properties of Water
Which of the following is a property of water?
A. Water is a gas at room temperature.
B. Water is a good conductor of electricity.
C. Water is a polar molecule.
D. Water is heavier than all other liquids.
C. Water is a polar molecule.
Which characteristic do most plants have in common?
A. they are unicellular
B. they are prokaryotic
C. they produce seeds
D. they are autotrophic
D. they are autotrophic
You are analyzing a compound in the laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound?
A. lipid
B. protein
C. carbohydrate
D. nucleic acid
C. carbohydrate
Which of the following phrases best describes cancer?
A. absence of cyclins in the DNA
B. multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA
C. uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle
D. presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders
C. uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle
Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
A. prokaryotic and aerobic
B. prokaryotic and anaerobic
C. eukaryotic and aerobic
D. eukaryotic and anaerobic
B. prokaryotic and anaerobic
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
A. Water expands as it freezes.
B. Water is an excellent solvent.
C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
D. Water is able to moderate temperature.
C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
A. perforated
B. semi-permeable
C. non-conductive
D. permeable
B. semi-permeable
Fats, oils and cholesterol are all types of what?
A. cell membranes
B. hormones
C. lipids
D. fatty acids
C. lipids
Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation on a population?
A. Parthenogenesis
B. asexual reproduction
C. Sexual reproduction
D. Vegetative reproduction
C. Sexual reproduction
One of the accepted scientific theories describing the origin of life on Earth is known as chemical evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve?
A. onset of photosynthesis
B. origin of genetic material
C. synthesis of organic molecules
D. formation of the plasma membrane
C. synthesis of organic molecules
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
A. Water is an acid.
B. Water is a versatile solvent.
C. Water has a high heat capacity.
D. Water acts as a buffer.
C. Water has a high heat capacity.
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?
A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
B.The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
RNA and DNA are which type of macromolecules?
A. carbohydrate
B. lipid
C. nucleic acid
D. protein
C. nucleic acid
How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?
A. sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent
B. asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires only one parent
C. mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction
D. asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms
A. sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent
The systematic study of natural events and conditions. It is NOT based on opinions.
A. science
B. theory
C. pseudoscience
D. fieldwork
A. science
Why does ice stay at the top of oceans instead of sinking to the bottom?
A. Ice is colder than liquid water.
B. Ice is less dense than liquid water.
C. Ice is more dense than liquid water.
D. Ice is warmer than liquid water.
B. Ice is less dense than liquid water.
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A. lysosome
B. mitochondrion
C. nucleus
D.ribosome
D. ribosome
What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?
A. The reaction rate will increase.
B. The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained.
C. The reaction rate will decrease.
D. The reaction will stop.
A. The reaction rate will increase.
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
A. It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement.
B. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms.
C. It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord.
D. It is the first stage of mitosis.
B. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms.
The Miller-Urey experiment of 1953 was designed to test the hypothesis that lightning supplied the energy needed to turn atmospheric gases into organic molecules such as amino acids. Which of the following describes why the Miller-Urey theory is widely accepted today?
A. Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today.
B. Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations.
C. The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.
D. No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced.
C. The process of synthesizing organic molecules from a mixture of gases has been successfully modeled in the laboratory.
Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?
A. purity
B. polarity and cohesion
C. high heat capacity
D. expansion upon freezing
B. polarity and cohesion
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
A. passive transport by diffusion
B. active transport using ATP
C. passive transport by osmosis
D. phagocytosis
B. active transport using ATP
A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base form the building blocks of which organic compound?
A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins
C. nucleic acids
Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
A. two stages of cell division
B. replication of cellular genetic material
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
D. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
A collection of ideas and beliefs that sound like science but not supported by evidence, such as astrology, is known as...
A. Fact
B. Law
C. Pseudoscience
D. Theory
C. Pseudoscience