Scientific Method
What is the first step of the scientific method?
Ask a question / make an observation
What is the center of an atom called?
The nucleus
Is water polar or nonpolar?
Polar
What are the 4 types of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What do enzymes lower to speed up reactions?
Activation energy
What is a hypothesis?
A testable explanation for an observation
What particles are found in the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons
What does pH measure?
Hydrogen ion concentration / acidity
What biomolecule is made of amino acids?
Proteins
What is the place where the substrate binds called?
Active site
What’s the difference between a dependent and independent variable?
The independent is changed, the dependent is measured
What is the octet rule?
Atoms want 8 electrons in their outer shell
What’s the pH of pure water?
7 (neutral)
What do enzymes do?
Speed up chemical reactions
True or False: Enzymes are used up during reactions.
False
Why are controls important in an experiment?
They provide a baseline for comparison
What kind of bond forms when electrons are shared?
Covalent bond
What kind of bond holds water molecules together?
Hydrogen bonds
What kind of biomolecule stores genetic info?
Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
What environmental factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature and pH
Why is it important to repeat an experiment multiple times?
To make sure the results are reliable and not just a one time mistake
What determines how reactive an atom is?
Its number of valence electrons
What happens to enzymes when pH is too high or too low?
They unfold
What kind of reaction builds polymers from monomers?
Dehydration synthesis
What happens if an enzyme’s shape changes too much?
It denatures and can't function