Endomembrane System
Base Pairing and Stacking
Charging of Transfer RNAs...
Translation Elongation
Transcription
100
Which of the following is not considered to be a part of the endomembrane system?
Endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi, Lysosome, or Plasma membrane?
Mitochondria
100
We identify nucleic acid strand orientation on the basis of important chemical functional groups. These are the _________group attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar portion of a nucleotide and the __________group attached to the ___carbon atom.
phosphate; hydroxyl; 3'
100
Which of the following is the actual event that translates the language of nucleic acids (the sequence of bases, A, T (U), C, and G) to the language of proteins (determining which amino acid will be added to the polypeptide)?
Attachment of the appropriate amino acid to the tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
100
The ribosome ______subunit has _______binding sites for tRNA molecules.
Large; three
100
What is the name of the enzyme that forms at the start of transcription?
RNA polymerase
200
Most elements of the endomembrane system are connected by:
Vesicular trafficking
200
When we consider the orientations of the two strands of DNA that make up a double helix, we see that they are:
Antiparallel
200
How is the amino acid held on the charged tRNA?
Covalent bond
200
Enzymatic catalysis of the peptide bond between the growing polypeptide and the next incoming amino acid takes place in which binding site?
A site
200
What genetic material is made during the process of transcription?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
300
Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the endoplasmic reticulum?
in the lumen (inside) of the E.R.
300
The information carried by DNA is in the _______and their ___________.
Bases; sequence
300
How many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes must be present in cells to properly synthesize proteins?
20, one for each amino acid
300
In the figure above, which box encloses the anticodon currently at the A site of the ribosome?
Box c
300
If the first nucleotide after the promoter on the top DNA strand is changed from G to T, what would the resulting nucleotide be on the mRNA?
A
400
Consider a protein that is targeted to be excreted to the outside of the plasma membrane. Where would this protein be located in the Golgi?
in the lumen (inside) of the Golgi
400
In which aspect of DNA structure are hydrogen bonds important?
Base-to-base pairing
400
Fill in the blank: This image represents _____________ and _______________ is attached at the oulined region labeled ______.
a tRNA; an amino acid; a
400
In the figure above, which box encloses the codon currently at the P site of the ribosome?
Box b
400
If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the DNA, what would happen at the RNA level?
The RNA polymerase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA, so no RNA would be made.
500
Consider a protein that is targeted to be an integral membrane protein on the surface of a cell. It has a specific functional domain (domain X) facing the external environment of the cell. How will this protein be oriented in the E.R.?
It will be embedded in the E.R. membrane with domain X facing the lumen of the E.R.
500
The regions on a DNA helix where the strands must be separated so processes like transcription can start often have an A-T pair bias, that is, there are more A-T pairs than G-C pairs. What might you suggest as the basis for this bias?
A-T pairs have fewer H-bonds to break, so it requires less energy.
500
Fill in the blank: Once the molecule shown here is “charged,” the outlined region labeled ______will form complementary base pairs with the codon in the ________in the A site of the ribosome.
c; mRNA
500
Referring to the figure above, what is the anticodon of the next tRNA to enter the A site?
3'CUU5'
500
If a mutation in the middle of the bottom DNA strand results in the coding of a stop codon, the resulting mRNA length would be:
24 nucleotides long – a stop codon would not affect the length of the mRNA, only the length of the resulting protein