1
Coenzymes do what
what is a catalyst
any chemical that makes a reaction spontaneous without being used up
Activation Energy or Ea
energy required for reaction to occur
monomer of a carbohydrate
simple sugar (monosaccharide)
Chitin is used in what
cell wall of fungi and exoskeleton of arthropods
Enzymes are sensitive, what part is affected?
tertiary and quaternary, changes shape
Two types of catalysts:
1. Enzyme
2. Ribozyme
Spontaneous and non-spontaneous mean
non-spontaneous: reaction cannot occur under current conditions
protein Quaternary structure
multiple proteins working together working as one unit
what are nucleotide made out of
phosphate group, nitrogenous base, pentose
True Or False: Enzyme can be destroyed by all things that denature proteins
True
Why are catalysts so specific
substrate needs to fit perfectly into active site, active site folds around substrate, different enzyme for each reaction
Monomer of a protein
amino acid
formula of a carbohydrate
C6
H₁₂
O₆
protein secondary structure
certain parts of the protein fold into specific structures
alpha helix: spiral shape
beta pleated sheet: mountain range shape
not all parts of protein have secondary
Reaction cycle
1. substrate binds to active site
2. enzyme-substrate complex forms, reaction occurs
3. product is released and enzyme searches for a new substrate
denaturation:
disruption of protein structure
Cellulose is used in what
cell wall of plants
protein tertiary structure
overall 3d shape of protein
What are the storage molecules of plants and animals
Animals: glycogen
where does the substrate bind
active site
protein primary structure
arrangement of amino acids, encoded by genes in the DNA
R group of amino acid gives it what
its chemical traits
monomer of Nucleic acids
nucleotide
Monomer of a lipid
fatty acid