Cell Foundations
This 19th-century scientist stated that "all animal tissues consist of individual cells," helping to form the basis of the Cell Theory
Who is Schwann?
This non-membrane-bound structure within the nucleus is responsible for rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly
What is the nucleolus?
This fiber of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for "cell crawling" or the movement seen in cancer metastasis
What are actin filaments (or microfilaments)?
This large plant organelle stores water and maintains turgor pressure
What is the central vacuole?
These "leakproof" junctions create a seal to prevent material from passing between cells
What are tight junctions?
According to the Cell Theory, all cells arise only from these
What are preexisting cells?
Often called the "Amazon Warehouse," this organelle tags, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This is the specific microtubule arrangement (number of pairs) found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella
What is the 9 + 2 arrangement?
This is the primary carbohydrate found in plant cell walls
What is cellulose?
These animal junctions allow rapid electrical communication between heart muscle cells
What are gap junctions?
This region is where genetic material is found in a prokaryotic cell because it lacks a membrane-bound nucleus
What is the nucleoid?
This part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum lacks ribosomes and is the primary site for lipid synthesis and detoxification
What is the Smooth ER?
In animal cells, this abundant glycoprotein provides tensile strength to the extracellular matrix (ECM)
What is collagen?
These internal stacks within chloroplasts are made of thylakoids
What are grana?
These adhesive junctions connect cells to the basal lamina or other ECM components
What are hemidesmosomes/desmosomes?
Bacterial cell walls are made of this complex matrix of sugar chains cross-linked by short polypeptides
What is peptidoglycan?
These digestive vesicles arise from the Golgi apparatus and contain enzymes that work best at an acidic pH
What are lysosomes?
These transmembrane receptors link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cell's cytoskeleton
What are integrins?
These channels connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells for communication
What are plasmodesmata?
These adhesive junctions use cadherin to link the actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells
What are adherens junctions?
These are the four structural components shared by all cells, regardless of whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic
What are the nucleoid/nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and plasma membrane?
These two "cellular generators" are unique because they contain their own DNA and double membranes, suggesting an endosymbiotic origin
What are mitochondria and chloroplasts?
In the "9 + 3 arrangement" in centrosomes, this is the number of microtubule triplets present
What is 9?
This organelle is found in fungi and is the structural component of their cell walls
What is chitin?
These adhesive junctions connect cells to the basal lamina or other ECM components using actin filaments
What are focal adhesions?