Membrane Physics
This model describes proteins floating in or on the fluid lipid bilayer
What is the fluid mosaic model?
This type of transport moves molecules down a concentration gradient without using energy
What is passive transport?
In this type of solution, water leaves the cell, causing it to shrivel or crenate
What is a hypertonic solution?
This specific glucose transporter increases insulin-mediated uptake of glucose
What is GLUT-4?
The Sodium-Potassium pump moves this many Sodium (Na+) ions out of the cell
What is 3?
This term describes molecules like phospholipids that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
What is amphipathic?
These specialized protein channels facilitate the rapid movement of water across the membrane
What are aquaporins?
In this type of solution, a cell gains water and may eventually burst (lyse)
What is a hypotonic solution?
These amino acids are typically found in the transmembrane domain embedded in the bilayer
What are nonpolar (or hydrophobic) amino acids?
This type of transport uses the energy from one molecule's diffusion to move another against its gradient
What is coupled transport?
This sterol acts as a buffer to maintain membrane fluidity across different temperatures
What is cholesterol?
Unlike simple diffusion, this process requires carrier or channel proteins to move polar molecules
What is facilitated diffusion?
This is the force generated inside a plant cell by water pushing against the cell wall
What is turgor pressure?
These membrane proteins act as ID tags, allowing for "self" vs. "nonself" recognition
What are glycoproteins (or cell-surface identity markers)?
This specific process involves the intake of particulate matter or "cell eating"
What is phagocytosis?
These fatty acids contain double bonds that create "kinks," increasing membrane fluidity
What are unsaturated fatty acids?
This is the point where the rate of transport is limited by the number of available transporters
What is the saturation point?
This osmotic strategy involves the ejection of water through contractile vacuoles
What is extrusion?
This type of transmembrane protein can move one molecule at a time in one direction
What is a uniporter?
This process discharges materials, such as neurotransmitters, from vesicles at the cell surface
What is exocytosis?
These chemicals can disrupt membrane cholesterol, affecting protein transport
What are cyclodextrins?
This characteristic allows a membrane to restrict the passage of some substances while allowing others
What is selective permeability?
This condition describes two solutions that have the same osmotic concentration
What is isotonic?
These cylinder-shaped structures are made of β-sheets and allow water to pass through membranes
What are β-barrels (or pores)?
In familial hypercholesterolemia, LDL receptors fail to trigger vesicle formation in this process
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?