Homework
In phylogenetic analysis we must be careful to look for the presence or absence of traits that are homologous to each other in different groups.
What are Homologous traits?
Homework 4: Traits derived from the same ancestral unit
Which of these events occurs first in seed germination
Homework 7: Water is taken up
What type of cell process occurs to generate this type of offspring?
Homework 5: mitosis
A waxy cuticle is an adaptation that
Homework 6: reduces evaporation from surface of plants.
Which of the following best describes meristem tissue
Homework 6: region of continuous mitosis
Ten-year-old Johnny carved his initials on the trunk of a young 5-meter-tall tree, about 1 meter above the ground (shame on Johnny!). Ten years later the tree is 10 meters tall. How far above the ground are the carved initials?
Homework 7: 1 meter
Cause of the "oxygen revolution"
Homework 4: success of photosynthetic cyanobacteria
Which of the following is NOT a correct match of the group with its distinctive characteristic?
Animals : no cell walls
Archaea : peptidoglycan cell walls
Fungi : chitin in cell walls
Plants : cellulose in cell walls
Homework 5: Archaea : peptidoglycan cell walls
Plasmodesmata are cell-cell junctions in plants that consist of
Homework 6: membrane-bound tubes of cytoplasm connecting adjacent plant cells
Which of the following is a distinguishing trait common to all true animals?
Homework 5: embryonic cell layers
Which one of the following is among the evolutionary advantages of multicellular, instead of unicellular, structure
Homework 5: cells can specialize and have division of labor.
Describe quorum sensing in bacteria.
Homework 4: bacteria turn on certain genes only when they detect numerous bacteria of same species
In what structural way do fully mature xylem cells differ from phloem cells?
Homework 6: they are dead
A history of endosymbiosis explains the evolutionary origin of
Homework 4: Chloroplasts & Mitochondria
With what energy source does a membrane co-transporter in phloem sieve tubes load sucrose into the cell against its concentration gradient?
Homework 7: co-transporter uses H+ ion gradient for energy to transport sucrose into the cell
When proton pumps in a mature root hair cell move H+ ions outside the cell, which of the following would result
Homework 6: K+ ions move into the root cell, down their electrical gradient
Researchers suggest that an evolutionary increase in the number of hox genes
Homework 5: allows for the evolution of more complex body patterns
What is the ploidy of the following structures: gametophyte, embryo in seed, spore, sporophyte?
Homework 7: 1n, 2n, 1n, 2n
Mycorrhizal associations are thought to have been important contributors to the evolutionary success of early land plants because:
Homework 6: mycorrhizae have extensive surface area for water absorption
The evolution of complex multicellularity in eukaryotes.
Homework 4: occurred independently in several eukaryotic lineages
If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for keeping/using one or more antibiotic-resistance genes, what would happen in environments that lack antibiotics?
Homework 4: These bacteria would be outcompeted and replaced by bacteria that have lost these genes.
An evolutionary biologist is looking at traits of various members in the Plant Kingdom, not their ancestors, to determine which plants are more closely related to each other. Which of the following represents a trait that arose within the plant kingdom
Homework 6: presence or absence of vascular tissue such as xylem
When Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Is Favored
Homework 4: a long unchanging season with good resources
The animal phylum Chordata includes all the vertebrates. The group of invertebrates sharing the closest common ancestor with us is the Echinoderms (starfish, sand dollars, all with radial symmetry in the adult. Early Chordates had bilateral symmetry and a simple swimming form. So evolutionary biologists concluded that chordates must have evolved from:
Homework 5: a starfish larva that acquired reproductive organs in the immature form
Which of the following would be most genetically different from each other?
Homework 7: the four microspores made in the anther