Chapter 20
What are the 4 main types of animal tissue?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What is the function of the liver?
Produces bile
Processes toxins
What are the bronchioles?
Surrounded by circular muscle to dilate or constrict passage
What are the 3 different types of blood vessels?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What are abiotic factors?
The environment’s nonliving component, the physical and chemical factors.
What is negative feedback?
Moves a variable in the opposite direction that it is going
Ex. shivering and sweating
What are fluid feeders?
Suck nutrient-rich fluids from a living host.
Ex. leeches
Describe the 4 main types of respiratory surfaces & the animals that use them
skin (frogs)
gills (fish)
tracheal system (insects)
lungs (humans).
What is blood pressure? How do we measure it (what are the readings)?
Blood pressure is a measure of the cardiac cycle.
Blood pressure readings= systolic/diastolic.
What are biotic factors?
Include all of the organisms in an area, the living component of the environment
What does the skeletal system do?
Supports the body
Protects organs
Provides framework for muscle movement
Define essential nutrients
Substances that an animal requires but cannot build themselves
What is the alveoli?
Site of gas exchange
One cell thick
Arteries vs. Veins
Describe them
Arteries: Thicker, more muscular walls that constrict, Conduct blood AWAY from the heart.
Veins: Thinner, lower blood pressure and velocity, One-way valves to conduct blood BACK TOWARD the heart.
What types of conservation and restoration options exist?
Conservation biology
Landscape ecology: the application of ecological principles to the study of the structure and dynamics of a collection of ecosystems.
Zoned reserves: extensive regions of land that include one or more areas undisturbed by humans, surrounded by buffer zones of compatible economic development.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins?
A
D
E
K
Describe the functions of hemoglobin
Hemoglobin contains iron and is red
Used by all vertebrates + some invertebrate groups
Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Buffers blood
What are the 4 components in blood?
Plasma – water and solutes
Leukocytes – white blood cells
Erythrocytes – red blood cells
Platelets
What are the types of interactions that can exist between species?
Competition
Mutualism
Herbivory
Predation
Parasites & pathogens.
What are the 6 types of connective tissue?
Loose connective tissue
Fibrous connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Describe the main components of the human alimentary canal (digestive system) and the accessory organs.
Mechanical and chemical digestion in the oral cavity, Further digestion in the stomach and small intestine, Absorption of nutrients through the lining of the small intestine, Movement of remaining material through large intestine and excretion of waste.
Accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
What are the structures of the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Diaphragm, Heart, Alveoli.
What is the flow of blood through the heart and lungs?
Superior and inferior vena cava send deoxygenated blood to the right atrium, then the right atrium sends the blood to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. The right ventricle sends the blood through the pulmonic (semilunar) valve to the pulmonary trunk. From there, blood goes to the pulmonary arteries, then to the lungs where it picks up oxygen and becomes oxygenated. The oxygenated blood from the lungs goes to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins (2 veins on each side). The left atrium sends oxygenated blood to the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve. Then, the left ventricle sends blood to the aortic valve, and the aortic valve sends the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body (systemic capillaries). It becomes deoxygenated and gets sent back to the right atrium.
What areas exist in oceans?
Pelagic realm
Benthic realm
Apothic zone
Photic zone