Photosyn/Cell Resp
What is the original or main source of energy for all living things?
The sun
What are the 4 carbon reservoirs? (spheres)
Biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere
What are the building blocks of DNA?
nucleotides
What determines a protein's function?
Its shape and structure (how it is folded after the amino acid chain is assembled)
What do all cells have in common
They all have DNA
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Reactants = sunlight + water + carbon dioxide
Products = glucose + oxygen
Plants and animals belong to which reservoir? (sphere)
Biosphere
What 3 structures are a nucleotide made of?
The backbone is made of sugars & phosphates and the rungs are made of nitrogen bases
Which organelle is responsible for creating proteins?
Ribosomes
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
Reactants = oxygen + glucose
Products = carbon dioxide + water + ATP
What form is carbon in when it is stored in the atmosphere?
carbon dioxide / CO2
What is the base-pairing rule? (which bases can pair up with each other)
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C)
What is transcription?
When DNA is rewritten as mRNA
How are so many different proteins made from the same strand of DNA?
Genes are sections of DNA that code for proteins AND each gene contains a different genetic code (the order of nucleotide bases within each gene is different)
Where does photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in the cell? (2 organelles)
Photosynthesis = chloroplast
Cellular respiration = mitochondria
What form is carbon in when it is stored in the biosphere?
Glucose / C6H12O6
What is the function of DNA helicase?
It unzips the DNA double helix (it breaks the bonds that hold the bases together)
What is translation?
When mRNA is used to assemble amino acids which will eventually become a protein
All cells began as stem cells. How did they differentiate/specialize?
Certain genes within a strand of DNA turned on while others turned off, creating different cell types (for example bone cells vs. muscle cells)
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 + sunlight > C6H12O6 + 6O2
How does carbon move from the biosphere into the atmosphere?
Through cellular respiration (animals exhaling carbon dioxide)
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
It's an enzyme that creates new DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides on the new strand
What are the parts of the Central Dogma in order?
DNA > transcription > mRNA > translation > amino acids > proteins
Provide 3 pieces of evidence to prove that muscle cells contain different proteins than bone cells.
1. They have the same DNA if they're from the same organism
2. Genes on that DNA code for different proteins
3. Certain genes within that DNA are turned on or off making the cells have different shapes and functions