Protein Synthesis
Central Dogma of Biology
-DNA makes RNA
-RNA makes protein
-Protein codes for traits
What is the primary composition of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is made mostly of phospholipids and proteins.
What are traits?
Specific characteristics
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Regulate what enters and leaves the cell
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
6CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and 6H2O (Water)
How is RNA different from DNA?
RNA has ribose whereas DNA has deoxyribose
-RNA is one-stranded while DNA is double stranded
-RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine
In which direction do substances tend to move in relation to a concentration gradient?
Substances tend to move down a concentration gradient, from high to low concentration.
Alleles
Different forms of a gene
Cell wall
strong wall outside a plant cell's cell membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape
What are the products of photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 (Glucose) and 6O2 (Oxygen)
Why can't DNA leave the nucleus?
It cannot leave the nucleus to go to the ribosome because it contains all of our genetic info and cannot risk the information being damaged.
What are the two types of membrane transport?
Active and Passive Transport
Genetic makeup of an organism
Ribosome
An organelle that is resposible for making proteins
Autotrophs
Organisms that can produce their own food
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid; 3 types: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the difference between active and passive Transport?
Active transport uses energy to move substances against the concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy.
Phenotype
genetic makeup of an organism
Mitosis
cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
Heterotrophs
Organisms that cannot produce their own food
Protein Structure
Primary: string of amino acids called a polypeptide
Secondary: beta plated sheet or alpha helix
Tertiary: 3-dimensional structure that defines the protein's function and is lost when it is denatured (ALL proteins have a tertiary structure)
Quaternary: Proteins that are combined with other proteins
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from high to low concentration.
Punnett Square
diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross
Chromosome
a structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material
What is aerobic respiration?
Cellular respiration that requires oxygen