DNA & RNA
What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?
A, T, G, & C
What is the process of making mRNA from DNA called?
Transcription
What is the genotype of a heterozygous tall plant (T = tall)?
Tt
What animal did we dissect in class?
An earthworm
What is the basic unit of a protein?
Amino acid
What sugar is found in RNA but not DNA?
Ribose
What organelle does translation occur in?
Ribosome
If P = purple and p = white, what genotype gives white flowers?
pp
What is an adaptation?
A trait that helps survival or reproduction
What is the role of mRNA in the cell?
Carries instructions from DNA to ribosome
Where in the cell does DNA replication occur?
Nucleus
What is the mRNA start codon and what does it code for?
AUG – Methionine
In a Bb × Bb cross, what percent of offspring are blue-eyed if b = blue?
25%
What does “survival of the fittest” mean?
Best-suited traits = more likely to reproduce
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
What type of bond holds the base pairs together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
What type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
Fill in the phenotypic ratio of Tt × Tt (tall vs short).
3 tall : 1 short
Which type of structure has similar function but different anatomy?
Analogous
What does crossing over do in meiosis?
Increases genetic variation
What does it mean that DNA replication is “semi-conservative”?
Each new molecule has one old and one new strand
Transcribe this DNA: TAC GGA CTT
Daily Double!!!
What are the amino acids?
AUG CCU GAA
Methionine – Proline – Glutamic Acid
Complete the cross: B = brown, b = blue. Two heterozygous parents (Bb × Bb). What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios?
1 BB : 2 Bb : 1 bb and 3 brown : 1 blue
Name two types of evidence used to support evolution.
Fossils, DNA, embryology, or anatomy
A peacock’s bright tail may attract predators, yet still helps in mating. What is this called?
Sexual selection