Bio Final part 2

Genetics

100

DNA replication occurs during this phase

What is S phase?

200

RNA that acts as a mediator between nucleus and cytoplasm

What is mRNA? messenger RNA

300

Ability of some bacteria to pass genetic material to each other (not by sexual reproduction) 

What is horizontal gene transfer?

400

The f2 phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive parents.

What is 3 to 1?

500

Interaction of genes of different traits that result in unexpected phenotypes

What is epistasis?

Cells

100

He is credited with discovery of the cell

Who is Robert Hooke?

200

Considered the father of microbiology for his work with microscopes and discovery of "animalcules"

Who is Antony van Leeuwenhoek? 

300

Enzyme that is primary site of protein synthesis

What are ribosomes?

400

Organelles composed of a system of canals, tubes, and sacs that transport molecules inside the cytoplasm and function in production of lipids and proteins are called:

What are rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

500

Phase of cell cycle where growth and normal cellular function occurs.

What is interphase? 

Mitosis or Meiosis

100

Phase of mitosis where sister chromatids get pulled apart

What is anaphase? 

200

The primary purpose of mitosis

What is to create two genetically identical daughter cells?

300

The primary purpose of Meiosis 

What is to produce gametes? 4 genetically different daughter cells

400

Cytoplasm division

What is cytokinesis?

500

idea that both copies of a tumor suppressor gene must be damaged or mutated for cancer to develop

What is the "two hit" hypothesis? 

Energy

100

Final electron acceptor of cellular respiration in animal cells

What is oxygen? 

200

Scientists used to believe enzymes worked as a lock and key, however, more evidence suggests that is more of a dynamic relationship called:

What is an induced fit model?

300

Electron carrying molecules used in the Citric Acid cycle are:

What are NADH and FADH₂?

400

Fixation, reduction, and regeneration are stages of

What is Calvin Cycle? or light independent reactions

500

An enzyme inhibitor that binds to an active site of the enzyme is called:

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Odds and Ends

100

Channel protein for water

What is aquaporin?

200

A substance capable of dissolving other polar molecules and ionic compounds.

What is solvent?

300

What type of unsaturated fat is highly unhealthy and is credited with increasing “bad” cholesterol?

What are Trans fats?

400

The disease that can result in human hemoglobin due to a single amino acid base mutation

What is sickle cell anemia?

500

Dr. Jonas Salk and Dr. Albert Sabin are both credited with discovery of what vaccine?

What is polio vaccine?