Tissues
Which muscle tissue type can continue dividing after injury, unlike the others?
Smooth Muscle
Which component of a feedback loop is responsible for detecting a deviation from the normal range?
Receptor
A cell secretes a chemical that binds to receptors on itself. This is an example of:
Autocrine
If the posterior pituitary were damaged, which hormone would be most affected?
A. ACTH
B. TSH
C. Oxytocin
D. GH
Oxytocin
Hyperpolarization of a neuron is most likely caused by opening of:
K⁺ channels
A patient with severe acid reflux shows erosion of the esophageal lining. Which epithelial type is most likely damaged?
Stratified squamous
A runner’s body temperature rises during intense exercise. Sweating begins and blood vessels in the skin dilate. This response is an example of:
Negative feedback
A patient has a defect in G-protein–coupled receptors. Which hormone is most directly affected?
Peptide hormones
Cortisol raises blood glucose mainly by stimulating:
Gluconeogenesis
Spatial summation occurs when:
Several presynaptic neurons stimulate one postsynaptic neuron simultaneously
Which connective tissue would be most impaired in a patient unable to produce collagen?
Dense regular CT
Damage to adipose tissue would directly impair:
Energy storage
Gap junctions allow:
A. Direct sharing of ions and small signaling molecules
B. Attachment of cells to the basement membrane
C. Endocrine hormone secretion
D. Generation of antibodies
Direct sharing of ions and small signaling molecules
Which hormone directly promotes sodium reabsorption?
Aldosterone
A visceral motor neuron innervates what?
glands, smooth, and cardiac muscle
A mutation prevents the formation of intercalated discs. Which physiological consequence would be expected?
Heart cells fail to contract as a unit
A researcher finds tissue with many macrophages scattered through loosely organized fibers. This tissue likely attaches?
Epithelial tissue to muscle
Areolar CT
An endocrine signal differs from a paracrine signal in that endocrine signals?
Travel through circulation to distant cells
Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum to:
Maintain uterine lining
Which structural feature is essential for saltatory conduction?
A. Dendritic spines
B. Nodes of Ranvier
C. Nissl bodies
D. Axon hillock
Nodes of Ranvier
A sample shows closely packed fibers that all run parallel and wavy, with few fibroblasts. It likely functions to:
Secure bones during movement
Which mechanism explains how extremely small hormone concentrations cause strong cellular responses?
Amplification
Tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells primarily function to:
Prevent leakage between cells
Which gland regulates circadian rhythm through melatonin?
Pineal gland
At –55 mV, a neuron typically:
A. Reaches threshold and fires an action potential
B. Closes all ion channels
C. Becomes hyperpolarized
D. Stops sodium influx
Reaches threshold and fires an action potential