Cell Membrane
Define amphipathic
It means there is a hydrophobic and hydrophilic part
What direction does passive transport move?
Down the gradient
High ---> Low
What direction does active transport follow?
Against the gradient
Low ---> High
What are the four structures of a protein?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary
Give an example in the nervous system where exocytosis is used.
Neurotransmitters being released into synaptic cleft
What is the difference between carrier and channel proteins?
Carrier= molecules
Channel= ions
What is the passive movement of water called?
What are the three types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, and RM Endocytosis
Which characteristic determines structure and function?
R groups
Explain what a ligand is.
A molecule that binds to a specific receptor that initiates a change.
What type of channel protein is used to transport water molecules?
aquaporins
What types of molecules use facilitated diffusion?
Large, ion, polar
Where do the transport vesicles bud from for exocytosis?
Golgi apparatus
What kinds of bonds/interactions can be found in the tertiary structure of proteins?
Hydrophobic interactions
H bonds
Ionic Bonds
Disulfide bridges
Antibiotics function as _________ to specific enzymes in bacteria.
inhibitors
1. What type of fat has a greater number of double carbon bonds that cause bent fatty acid tails?
2. How does this affect fluidity?
1. Unsaturated fat
2. Increase fluidity
If a cell is placed in a solution that is hypertonic, the cell will __________
shrink
What is an example of substances that are transported via bulk transport?
Large molecules
macromolecules
What is denaturation and what conditions cause this?
"Unfolding" of the proteins
High/Low temperatures, salt concentration, pH; Conditions way outside of optimal conditions
Chronic ingestion of this in high quantities can lead to elevated levels of cholesterol in the body.
Saturated fat
What are the two populations of membrane proteins.
Integral and Peripheral
Many ion channels are _________ channels.
gated
With the Na/K pump, is the Na higher inside or outside of the cell?
Outside
3 Na out & 2 K in
Peptide bonds
Animals and plants in various environments have adaptations for ______________, the control of water balance.
Osmoregulation