Cells
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Energy creation (ATP)
What shape is the DNA structure?
Double helix
Who is considered the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
How many nucleotides are in a codon?
3
What is the standard phase that cells spend most of their time in?
Interphase
"The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration"
Diffusion
Who discovered the DNA structure?
Watson, Crick, and Franklin
The different versions of a gene is referred to as an __________.
Allele
What is the start codon?
AUG
Name one phase that is involved with meiosis that is not in mitosis
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
Which types of cells have a cell wall?
Plant and Bacteria cells
What are the nucleotide base pairs in DNA?
A-T and G-C
Half heterozygous and half homozygous recessive
What is the RNA sequence that would pair with AAACTG
UUUGAC
How many daughter cells are produced by meiosis?
4
What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum(ER)?
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it or Rough ER helps produce proteins while smooth helps produce lipids.
What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?
Unzips/splits the molecule
Name and describe one inheritance pattern that does not follow traditional dominant recessive rules.
Codominant - more than one dominant allele, both traits show.
Incomplete dominance - alleles neither dominant or recessive, traits become mixed.
Multiple alleles - more than 2 alleles for the same trait, more than 2 distinct possible results
Polygenic - several genes combine to determine a trait, many options that gradually change.
This type of mutation causes the entire RNA sequence to change down the line from it.
Frameshift (addition or deletion)
What is the difference between the daughter cells of mitosis and the daughter cells of meiosis?
Mitosis - only 2 identical diploid cells
Meiosis - 4 unique haploid cells
Name one of the three types of cytoskeleton
Microtubules
microfilaments
centrioles
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Phosphate, (deoxyribose) sugar, and a nitrogen base
What does a double line represent in a pedigree chart? =========
Family mating (cousins/siblings having kids)
What is the most common type of mutation?
Silent
What is cytokinesis?
The final splitting of the cell