Lab Skills
Prokaryotes
Protists
Fungi
DNA Barcoding pt. 1
100
What are aseptic techniques?
Lab practices that prevent contamination of samples and/or self
100
When did prokaryotes evolve?
3.8 billion years ago
100
True or False: Protists are eukaryotic
True
100
What characteristics can help you distinguish between fungal SPECIES
Ex: gill size, shape, color
cap size, shape, color
100
What are the steps of PCR and what happens in each one?
1. denaturation - DNA are melted into 2 strands
2. annealing - primers attach to DNA strands
3. Extension - DNA polymerase attaches to the primers and creates new dsDNA
200
What are 2 aseptic techniques you can use when working with biohazards?
Ex: gloves, single-use items, etc
200
The domains that contain prokaryotes are...
Bacteria and Archaea
200
What is a positive OR negative impact protist can have on their environment?
Ex: pathogenic, photosynthesizers
200
Lichen are the result of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a(n)
Alga
200
What does the matrix solution do in the DNA extraction process?
Binds DNA to column to prepare for washing
300
Explain the differences between pipetting high density vs low density fluids
High density=more difficult to pipette, value under accurate
Low density = less difficult to pipette, value over accurate
300
Do bacteria have cell walls? If so, what are they composed of?
Yes, peptidoglycan
300
Protists are informally classified into what and why?
Supergroups, a classification for organisms that are not Fungi, Plants, or Animals but share characteristics with them. Protists' only defining characteristic is that they are not fungi, plants, or animals
300
Who are fungi's closest living relatives? How does this impact our ability to treat fungal infections?
Animals, similar structure makes targeting cellular function difficult
300
What characteristics do researchers consider when selecting a target gene for DNA Barcoding?
Length, conservation, variation
400
You need to pipette 13 uL can you use the P200/20-200 pipette?
NO
400
What organism is this?
Cyanobacteria/Anabaena
400
Name 2 of the 4 Protist classifications
Unikonta
Archaeaplastida
Excavata
SAR
400
What trait helps distinguish BETWEEN fungal phyla?
Reproductive structures
400
Why do thermal cycling conditions vary from experiment to experiment?
Each step can be optimized for whatever species you are working with
500
What is a cladogram?
A visual representation of the evolutionary relationship between organisms/groups within a clade based on their shared/derived characteristics
500
Why doesn't gram-staining work for organisms in the domain Archaea?
Their cell walls are made of pseudopeptidoglycan so the stain does not stick
500
Name one of the structures responsible for locomotion in protists and provide an example organism
Ex: cilia, paramecium
Flagella, euglena
500
What are the 3 main fungal phyla? What are their reproductive structures?
Basidiomycota/spores
Ascomycota/spores
Zygomycota/spores
500
What are the DNA Barcoding steps?
1. Sample collection
2. Extraction
3. PCR
4. Gel electrophoresis
5. Sequencing