Bio II Part 2

DNA Barcoding pt. 2

100

What charge does DNA hold?

negative

200

What is the purpose of a ladder/ruler in gel electrophoresis?

To compare your results to a known value

300

What can the results of gel electrophoresis be used for?

1. DNA fingerprinting

2. Paternity testing

3. Sanger sequencing

400

Why might a scientist use Next Generation Sequencing over Sanger sequencing?

1. Cheaper

2. Greater depth

500

Provide two explanations for how your gel could have bands in the negative (-) control well/region

1. Contamination of sample(s)

2. Improper loading into gel itself. 

Plant Diversity

100

Before fertilization, plant gametes are...

Haploid (n)

200

List a defining trait of non-vascular plants.

1. No specialized tissues, true roots, or stems

2. Spores, sperm, and eggs are the carriers of genetic information for reproduction

3. Sperm are motile, requiring water to reach the egg

4. Earliest groups to diverge from ancestral lineage

5. Gametophyte generation is the dominant form, though sporophytes are generally visible with the naked eye

300

What is the male reproductive structure(s) of Ferns?

Antheridia

400

Pine cones are the _________ reproductive structure of the organisms in the phylum ______________.

female, Coniferophyta

500

List a characteristic all land plants share that distinguishes them from their most recent ancestor

1. Cuticle to prevent dessication

2. Multicellular gametangia and embryos

3. Specialized structures for embryo production

4. Life cycle with alternation of generations

Plant Specializations

100

What are the 3 structures that all vascular plants have but differ in specialization?

Leaves, stems, roots

200

Mesteremic tissue is responsible for

growth

300

Describe 2 differences between monocots and dicots

1. Monocots

   1. Single cotyledon 

   2. Narrow leaves

   3. Fibrous roots

   4. Petals in multiples of 3

   5. Scattered vascular bundles

   6. 1 pore in pollen grains

2. Dicots

   1. Two cotyledon

   2. Net-like leaves

   3. Tap roots

   4. Petals in multiples of ⅘

   5. Ringed vascular bundles

   6. 3 pores in pollen grains

400

Describe the difference between woody and non woody plants.

Thick outer layer/ring, many layers of tissue - woody

500

Name a plant, its specialization, and the function of that specialization

Ex: cactus spines are leaves for protection

Invertebrate Diversity

100

Invertebrates do NOT have a(n)....

Vertebral column

200

List 2 characteristics of animals that distinguish them from other kingdoms.

capable of sexual reproduction, multicellularity, heterotrophic, etc

300

List 2 of the 12 characteristics that researchers investigate to study the classification and diversity of animals.

symmetry, tissue org, body cavity, # of digestive openings, circulation, gas exchange, waste removal, nervous system org, locomotion, segmentation, support system, appendages

400

The phylum Porifera includes what organisms? Give an example of how they exchanges gases

Sponges, diffusion

500

What organS do squids use for locomotion?

Fins and siphon

Chordate Diversity

100

True or False: Humans are chordates

TRUE!

200

List 2 characteristics that distinguish chordates from other animals?

1. Notocord

2. Dorsal hollow nerve cord

3. Pharyngeal gill slits

4. Postanal tail

300

How do Cephalochordata, Urochordata, and Vertebrata different?

cephalo and uro do not have vertebraes.

400

Name an organism from the phylum Osteoitchthyes

Perch

500

Provide an example of an organism from the phylum Chondroichthyes

Ex: shark