Scientific Method and Experiments
Define hypothesis.
What is a precise, testable statement of what researchers predict will be the outcome of their experiment
All organic compounds contain these 2 elements.
What are carbon and hydrogen?
A loop system in which the system responds to stimulus either in the same direction or in the opposite direction. (Give 2 examples.)
What is a feedback mechanism or feedback loop?
Ex: Positive feedback loop, Negative feedback loop
The structural organization of all organisms can be symbolized by a pyramid. List all the levels of the pyramid starting from the bottom.
What is cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organism?
Organisms that have similar physical characteristics and have similar food preferences are likely to experience this.
What is increased competition?
The result of the investigations and observations of many scientists is known as this.
What is a theory?
Small molecules can pass freely through the cell membrane through this process.
What is diffusion?
This is a Y-shaped blood protein produced by B-cells in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.
What is an antibody?
Lipid molecules and protein molecules are the main components of this cell organelle.
What is the cell membrane?
Glucose was able to pass through the membrane of the "cell" whereas starch was not because of this.
What is starch is too big to diffuse? Glucose is smaller than starch.
When experimenting with the growth of a plant, a scientist uses three groups of the same type of plants, two different fertilizers, equal light, and equal water. In this scenario, the fertilizer is this type of variable.
What is the independent variable?
These proteins, located on the cell membrane, are used to received chemical messages, such as hormones.
What are receptor molecules?
A disease in which the body's immune system attacks healthy cells. (Also give 2 examples)
What is an autoimmune disease?
Ex: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, Hashimoto thyroiditis), IBS, MS, etc.
The 3 significant differences between an animal cell and a plant cell.
What is a plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplasts (animal cells do not) and an animal cell has centrioles (plant cells do not)?
How do the circulatory and respiratory systems works together during exercise?
What is:
- the respiratory system brings in more oxygen (breathing rate increases) and circulatory system delivers oxygen to cells faster as heart pumps faster (and pulse increases)
- the circulatory system/blood remove wastes like carbon dioxide from cells faster when the heart beats faster.
- the respiratory system exhales carbon dioxide faster.
Based on their experimental results, a biologist in a lab reports a new discovery. If the experimental results are valid, biologists in other labs should be able to do this.
What is conduct the same experiment and obtain the same results?
Plants exchange gasses used in photosynthesis through stomates (holes in the leaves), which are open and closed by these cells.
What are guard cells?
State the different between active and passive immunity and give an example of each.
Active immunity occurs when our own immune system is responsible for protecting us from a pathogen.
Ex: White Blood Cells engulfing and destroying a pathogen.
Passive immunity occurs when we are protected from a pathogen by immunity gained from someone else.
Ex: A mother passing antibodies to her child through her breastmilk.
This cell organelle is composed of a series of channels throughout the cytoplasm that functions in the transport of molecules.
What is the endplasmic reticulum?
BONUS POINT: What is the other main function of the ER?
When a red onion cell is placed in a salt solution, this part of the cell remains the same while this part of the cell shrinks.
What is the cell wall remained the same and the cell membrane shrank?
BONUS POINT: List the 3 types of solutions and their composition.
These are the 5 steps of the Scientific Method
What are:
1. Define a questions to investigate.
2. Make predictions and form a hypothesis
3. Gather data.
4. Analyze the data.
5. Draw conclusions.
Explain the lock-and-key method.
What is one type of enzyme fits one and only one type of molecule. Change its shape and the enzyme will no longer work (this is true for almost all proteins).
This term refers to all of the life processes required to sustain life.
What is metabolism?
BONUS POINT: Name 3 of the 7 life processes that make up metabolism.
BONUS 2 POINTS: Name all 7.
These are the 3 tenets of classical cell theory.
What is:
1. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life, the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What are space (place to live), food, water, and mates?