Homeostasis and Body Systems
An organism's ability to maintain a balanced internal environment despite changes to the external environment is called:
homeostasis
This is organism is what most scientists believe is the smallest unit of life:
the cell
Most enzymes end with these three letters ______
-ase
Name the four biomolecules we examined in class:
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
This molecule contains WAY too much energy for the cell to use all at once, so it is often one of the first to be broken down to generate ATP:
glucose
A ______________ feedback loop will AMPLIFY a change, while a _______________ feedback loop will COUNTERACT or DECREASE the change to bring an organism back to homeostasis.
positive
negative
This organelle is often referred to as "the bouncer" of the cell because it decides what gets to come in and out of the cell:
cell membrane
In a chemical reaction, _____ are on the left side of the equation and represent the "inputs" of a system, and _______ are on the right side of the equation and represent the "outputs" of an equation.
reactants and products
What are the three main elements every biomolecule contains?
CHO: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
6 CO2 + 6H20 --> C6H1206 + 6O2
This the equation for what major process:
photosynthesis
Blood clotting rapidly forms a clot at the site of blood vessel injuries. This amplification of the response ensures that the bleeding is quickly controlled and the wound is sealed.
What type of loop does the following diagram show?
-wound tissue releases chemicals -->chemical signals platelet activation-->platelets release chemicals-->wound seals/clots
positive
Which cells lack a nucleus and have no membrane-bound organelles?
prokaryotes
The specific reactants upon which enzymes act are called _______. They fit the active sites of enzymes.
substrates
Name the monomers and polymers in carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides/simple sugars (glucose, candy, juices, etc)
Polysaccharides/complex sugars (starches, breads)
This pigment in chloroplasts absorbs all wavelengths of light EXCEPT green, which it reflects:
chlorophyll
How do the respiratory system and cardiovascular system work together to maintain homeostasis in the body?
The cardiovascular system transports oxygen to the tissues and removes carbon dioxide, which the respiratory system then exchanges with the external environment.
This type of cell contains chloroplasts, has a rigid cell wall, and contains one large central vacuole responsible for containing water and other nutrients:
plant cell (eukaryote)
What two environmental factors can alter the shape (or denature) the active site of an enzyme?
heat and ph
The main function of this biomolecule is to store energy. Other important functions include providing insulation, making up cell membranes, and acting as chemical messengers that act as hormones
Lipids
In the ATP --> ADP cycle, these bonds are continuously broken (to release energy) and formed (to store energy):
phosphate bonds
Remember homeostasis depends on communication between the receptors, _____, and the effectors.
Name the body system that's responsible for detecting and processing sensory information from stimuli and activating bodily responses:
control center
nervous (central nervous system peripheral nervous system)
Unlike plant cells that contain chloroplasts, these cells cannot make their own food so cannot get energy from the sun. They instead have to get energy from food sources.
Animal cells
In a chemical reaction, atoms are neither created nor destroyed - only rearranged, which demonstrates this major law of physics:
Law of conservation of matter
Enzymes are examples of this biomolecule ______. Enzymes act as catalysts that (slow down or speed up) chemical reactions.
-proteins
-speed up
The process of converting food energy into ATP in living cells is called: _______.
The chemical formula for aerobic respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H20 + _____ and ATP
6CO2