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Biotech. In Therapy
Bioremediation
Biotechnology in Diagnosis
Bioinformatics
Practicals
100
This is the use of genetically modified eukaryotes to produce therapeutic proteins.
What is biopharming
100
This is the use of microbes to remove environmental contaminants from water or soil
What is bioremediation
100
ELISA stands for...
What is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
100
Define phylogenetics
What is the study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms.
100
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated to higher concentrated solution
What is osmosis?
200
What method is used in gene therapy to insert genes into a cell?
What is modified viruses called viral vectors.
200
What are three examples of in which bioremediation is used?
Benzene, Crude oil, methyl mercury
200
Tracking experiments are used...
What is to diagnose cancer
200
Describe the difference between BLASTn and BLASTp
What is BLASTn compares nucleotide sequences in nucleic acids while BLASTp compares amino acid sequences in proteins
200
Enzyme activity increases to a point of saturation, after which the rate of activity plateaus
How does substrate concentration affect enzyme activity
300
Describe gene therapy, including the name and description of the different types of gene therapy.
Gene therapy is when working copies of a defective gene are inserted into a genome. There are 2 types: somatic cell therapy (somatic cell is modified) and germ line therapy (therapeutic genes inserted into egg and sperm).
300
The increased resistance to antimicrobials in biofilms is an example of...
What is emergent property
300
What does yellow fluorescence indicate in a DNA microarray?
What is mRNA is present in both tissues
300
Describe the difference between a cladogram and a phylogram.
What is a phylogram is a cladogram but the lengths of the branches are proportional to the amount of difference between the two organisms.
300
What is chromatography and how do you calculate the Rf value?
A technique used to separated pigments and other molecules from cell extracts. Rf=distance pigment traveled/ distance solvent traveled
400
Outline the use of biopharming in creating antithrombin (include function of antithrombin, organism used, etc.) - Be specific and thorough.
Antithrombin is a glycoprotein that regulates blood coagulation. Deficiencies in antithrombin cause excessive blood clot formation. Goats are used to create antithrombin. Human antithrombin is inserted into goat embryos using microinjection. Regulatory sequences added so that the protein is only produced in mammary glands. Protein secreted in milk and purified.
400
This is used to investigate the structure of biofilms
What is laser scanning microscopes
400
What is added to cause the change in color in an ELISA test?
What is substrate
400
Describe one example of knockout technology being used to determine the function of a gene.
What is leptin knockout mice. Knockout mice were created w/ a nonfunctional leptin gene. The phenotype of these mice was obesity. Determined the function of the gene leptin was to regulate fat deposition or energy metabolism.
400
Design an experiment used to measure transpiration in plants.
Transpiration rates are measured with a potometer. Factors that can be tested are humidity, light, wind. Rate can be measured by the amount the reservoir of water decreases over time
500
Outline the treatment of SCID using viral vectors - Be specific and thorough.
Genetic screening shows SCID, stem cells taken from umbilical cord, allele coding for ADA inserted into retrovirus, retrovirus mixed w/ stem cells and insert the gene into the chromosomes, stem cells w/ functional ADA gene inserted into blood stream, these stem cells become T-cells that create the ADA enzyme. This treatment worked for 4 years before more gene therapy had to occur.
500
Biofilms most often form on…
What is rock beds
500
cDNA is made by using...
What is reverse transcriptase
500
Describe how ESTs are created and what they can be used for.
What is mRNA from expressed gene is extracted from a cell, cDNA copies are made from the mRNA using reverse transcriptase. ESTs can be used to find the locus of a gene and they can be used in data mining.
500
Volume of air in lungs, volume exchanged in normal breathing. Measured with Spirometry
What is tidal volume and how can it be measured?