Cellular Respiration
Organic molecules are broken down to generate ATP
What is cellular respiration?
Mechanical strength, diffusion, heat exchange are examples of this law which led to convergent evolution
What is physical laws?
use internal control mechanisms to regulate and maintain homeostasis
What are regulators
Heat gained mainly from environment but heat is also lost easily to environment
What is ectotherms?
Balance the uptake and loss of water and solutes, homeostasis of osmolarity of body fluids
What is Osmo- and ionoregulation ?
This process happens in the mitochondria
What is pyruvate processing/oxidation?
Most common, tends to maintain constant or "base line" levels of hormones
What is negative feedback?
Homeostasis depends on this control which reduces or opposes the change or pertrbation
What is negative feedback?
A system that minimizes heat loss from exposed body parts
What is countercurrent heat exchangers?
-Gain of water and salts ions from food
-Osmotic water loss through gills
What is osmotic stress in marine fish?
This step doesn't require oxygen in cellular respiration
What is glycolysis?
In this step of the voltage-gated ion channels change membrane permeability to generate an action potential is when the depolarization reaches threshold
What is the rising phase of action potential
This organism heat mainly is produced by metabolism and loss of heat is minimized
What are endotherms?
Extensive sheets of smooth ER, released store Ca when depolarized by action potentials
What is Sarcoplasmic reticulum?
-excretion of salts and large amounts of water in dilute urine from kidneys
What is osmotic stress in fresh water fish?
This step produces per glucose molecule is 2ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2
What is the Citric Acid cycle?
This type of animal hormone is not lipid soluble, and they bind to receptor on the surface of the targeted cell
What is a protein hormone?
Abandoning maintenance of high Tb but not abandoning homeostasis
What is hibernation?
Arrangement of this actin filaments and thick myosin filaments, with cross bridges formed by myosin protein heads
What is a sarcomere?
the cluster of blood capillaries with large pores or openings surrounded by cells with filtration slits
What is the glomerulus?
ATP synthase is uses energy stored in hyrdogen ion gradient across the membrane. These H+ bind to it and causes it to spin and catalyze ATP production
What is Chemiosmosis?
Voltage gated ion channels are restricted to this
What are the Nodes of Ranvier
Set point for a small bird body temperature
What is 42-44 degrees celcius
Invaginations of muscle cell plasma membrane into sarcomere
What are T-tubules?
the percentage of how much water you can lose before you die
What is 12 percent of water in your body?