Anatomi
Hvad er the synaptic cleft?
The gap that separates the pre- and postsynaptic membranes.
Hvad er en antagonist?
A molecule, usually a drug, that interferes with or prevents the action of a transmitter.
Hvad er subcortical structures? Og hvor finder man dem?
Subcortical structures are a collection of brain regions located beneath the cerebral cortex.
These structures play a crucial role in regulating various functions of the brain, such as motor control, emotion, memory, and arousal.
Hvad er dette en definition på?
consists mostly of axons with myelin sheaths
White matter
Hvad er the horizontal plane?
The plane that divides the brain into upper and lower portions
Hvad er "the central sulcus"'?
a fissure that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
The process by which a synaptic vesicle fuses with the presynaptic terminal membrane to release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
Hvad er følgende:
A part of the brain's limbic system that is involved in processing emotions, particularly fear.
Amygdala
Hvor finder man Brocas area? Og hvad er dens primære funktion?
Left frontal lobe (typically)
Er ansvarlig for sprogproduktion
Hvilken type hormon er dette?
a class of anterior pituitary hormones that affect the secretion of hormones from other endocrine glands. Examples are TSH, ACTH & FSH.
Tropic hormones
Nævn de 4 glial cells og deres primære funktion
Astrocytes - A star shaped glial cell which can regulate local blood flow to provide more supplies to neurons when they are active.
Oligodendrocytes - a type of glial cell that forms myelin in the central nervous system
Microglia - Extremely small glial cells that remove cellular debris from injured or dead cells.
Schwann cells - a glial cell that forms myelin in the peripheral nervous system.
Hvad er den primære excitatory og inhibitory neurotransmitter?
excitatory: Glutamate
inhibitory: GABA
Hvad er dette?
A structure within the basal ganglia that is involved in coordinating movements and regulating motor control.
When progressive destruction takes place here it can lead to Huntingtons.
The putamen
Hvad er følgende?
WHERE BRAINSTEM CONNECTS TO THE SPINAL CORD
Regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions
Controls different reflexes (vomiting, sneezing, swallowing ect.).
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
Hvilken form for neuroimaging er dette?
Works by injecting a patient with a radioactive substance which emits gamma rays that the scanner detects.
Gives an image of the most used brain functions (while patient is in scanner) - it detects the movement of blood in the brain
Pros are detailed functional information,
Cons are exposure to radioactive substance, low resolution, expensive
Positron emission tomography (PET) - functional imaging
Hvad er den primære funktion af the blood brain barrier?
To make the movement of substances from blood vessels into brain cells more difficult than exchanges in other body organs.
Hvor produceres serotonin?
Produced in raphe nuclei and brainstem.
Hvad er the olfactory bulb?
A structure in the brain that is involved in processing the sense of smell.
Hvad er forskellen på sympathetic og parasympathetic nervous system?
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
takes actions to prepare the body for actions - fight or flight.
Increases energy.
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
acts opposed to the sympathetic nervous system, allows you to rest and digest.
Conserves energy.
Hvilken gland er dette?
Receives information on whether it’s light or dark outside
Principal hormone is Melatonin - Regulates season changes and regulates puberty
Located atop the brainstem
Pineal gland
Hvad er corpus callosum?
The main band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.
Hvad er the resting membrane potential?
A difference in electrical potential across the membrane of a nerve cell during an inactive period, often around -70 mV.
Hvad er følgende?
A pair of structures in the brain that are part of the limbic system and are involved in memory formation.
Mammillary body
Nævn de 4 dele af spinal cord i den rækkefølge de fremtræder, oppefra og ned.
Cervical: The cervical region of the spinal cord is located in the neck and consists of the first seven vertebrae. It controls movement and sensation in the neck, shoulders, arms, and hands.
Thoracic: The thoracic region runs down the middle of the back and consists of 12 vertebrae. It controls movement and sensation in the chest and upper abdomen.
Lumbar: The lumbar region is located in the lower back and consists of 5 vertebrae. It controls movement and sensation in the lower back, hips, and legs.
Sacral: The sacral region is located at the base of the spine and consists of 5 fused vertebrae. It controls movement and sensation in the pelvic region, genitals, and lower extremities.
huskeregel
C = choke
T = top
L = lower
S = sit
Hvad er Pacinian corpuscles?
Touch receptors that detect vibration are fast-responding and fast-adapting receptors with large vague receptive fields