VISION
What structure refracts most incoming light?
Cornea
Learning vs Memory
Lasting change due to experience
Vs
Encoding, storage & retrieval of info
4 components of emotion?
Subjective experience, expression, appraisal, physiological response
Stress is defined as
A process of appraisal + response
What is nociception?
Detection of harmful stimuli
What structure focuses light onto the retina?
Lens
What is habituation?
Decreased response after repeated exposure
James-Lange theory states
Arousal (body reaction) before emotion
Primary vs Secondary Appraisal?
Primary: determines threat vs challenge \
Secondary: coping resources
What are nociceptors? and what are the 3 types?
Free nerve endings
Mechano, thermal, polymodal
Which cells detect low light + motion?
Rods
Classical Conditioning vs Operant
Stimulus x Stimulus
Behavior + Reward/Punishment
Cannon-Bard theory states?
Arousal and emotion occur simultaneously
Eustress vs Distress
GAS stages?
Beneficial stress vs Harmful Stress
Alarm - Resistance - Exhaustion
Difference between somatic, visceral & referred
S:skin,muscles,joints: sharp localized
V: internal organs: dull, poorly localized
Referred: felt away from origin (heart attack)
Which cells detect color + detail?
Cones
What structure consolidates memories?
Hippocampus
Two-factor: arousal +cognitive label = emotion
Fight or Flight activates which system
Sympathetic Nervous System
what is descending pain modulation?
what is placebo?
DPM: brain suppresses pain signals
Placebo: pain reduces by expectation-driven modulation
What is the fovea?
Region with most cones → sharpest vision
What structure tags emotional memories?
Amygdala
Lazarus states that emotion starts with
Appraisal
Which hormones drive fight or flight?
What's the chronic stress hormone?
Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
Cortisol
What is phantom limb pain, why does it happen & what's the main treatment?
Pain from amputated leg bc brain body map remains
Mirror therapy