Cell Structure and Function
What is the basic unit of life
the cell
What macromolecule carries genetic information?
Nucleic acids (like DNA and RNA)
What is DNA short for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What do you call all the living and non-living things in one area?
an ecosystem
What do scientists form after making observations and asking a question?
a hypothesis
What part of the cell controls what enters and leaves?
Mitochondria
Which macromolecule makes up cell membranes?
lipids
what is base-pair rule for DNA?
A pairs with T, C pairs with G.
What is the role of the decomposer in an ecosystem?
breaks down dead matter and recycles in nutrients.
What is data?
Information or measurements collected collected during an experiment.
Which 2 organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells
Cell wall and chloroplasts
which is the main job of DNA in a cell?
to store genetic instructions for building proteins.
what difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the physical trait.
What is a trophic level?
a level in a food chain based on ow an organism gets energy.
what is it important to repeat an experiment multiple times?
to make results more reliable and reduce the chance of error.
How do plants and animal cells differ in structure?
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts while animals don't.
How can you tell the difference between a lipid and a carbohydrate?
Lipids have more carbon hydrogen bonds and are not water-soluble
If 2 heterozygous parents (Bb) have a child, what's the probability it will be homozygous recessive?
25%
What's the difference between a food chain and a food web?
a food chain shows one pat of energy; a food web shows multiple interconnected paths.
what are constants in an experiment?
variables that say the same to ensure a fair test.
Explain the function of the nucleus and how it works with ribosomes.
The nucleus stores DNA, which gives instructions to ribosomes for making proteins.
Why is the shape of a protein important, and what can change it?
Shape determines function; changes in pH or temperature can change the shape.
Describe the process of transcription and how it leads to protein synthesis.
DNA is copied into mRNA in the nucleus which travels to the ribosome where it's used to build a protein.
why are top predators rare in ecosystems?
There's energy available at higher trophic levels due to energy loss between levels.
A student finds unexpected results in an experiment. What should they do next?
Analyze the data, consider possible errors, and reviews their hypothesis if needed.