Show:
Environmental conditions
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Carbon Pt2 + Ecology
Evolution
100

What is secondary succession? 

  • Successions in an existing community that has been partially destroyed without removing soil

100

Inorganic Matter Vs. Organic Matter

Inorganic matter does not contain carbon and hydrogen
Organic matter: contains carbon and hydrogen

100

Assimiliation

Process of taking ammonium or nitrates is called assimilation

100

Something produces or releases C02 (and other carbon based products )


  • Ex: Respiration, combustion, diffusion, decomposition

This is a CARBON SOURCE

100

Phylogenetic Tree

evolutionary relationship between between a set of organisms or group of organisms 

  • The node represents common ancestry

  • The root is the common ancestor of all organisms


200

What is primary succession?

  • Succession on a surface that is lifeless, with no soil

    •  soil will form via weathering and decomposition of early colonies 

200

Photosynthesis:

  • Sunlight + Carbon dioxide (c02) + Water (H20) → Glucose  + Oxygen


    • Plants use glucose for cellular respiration 

    • Long-time storage

200

Deamination

  • (or ammonifying bacteria [decomposers) removes the nitrogen-containing amino groups/proteins

This releases ammonia back into the soil

200

  • Stores energy or dissolves co2 (and other carbon-based procedures)

  • Ex: Ocean, forests 

  • Carbon sink

200

What are Transitional Fossils?

In between from ancestors to modern that show change over time (inter-mediate stages)

300

What are pioneer organisms and examples of them in primary & secondary succession?

First organism to come and modify the environment, making it favorable for other species
primary succession  :are usually lichens - combo of algae/cyanobacteria and fungus

  • In secondary succession, it is usually grasses, weeds,etc 

300

Cellular Respiration:

  • Cellular Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen → carbon dioxide (c02) + water  (h20) + ATP (energy)


    • Producers, consumers, AND decomposers perform respiration

300

denitrifying bacteria

strip the oxygen from nitrates. Putting it back into the atmosphere

300

  • Four spheres

Hydrosphere  - oceans, lakes, rivers, rain, snow, ice, and ground water

  • Geosphere - solid Earth, rocks, soil, ground, minerals

  • Biosphere - entire planet (all living things/sum of all ecosystems & Biomes), bacteria and fungi, and dead matter that has not been decomposed

Atmosphere - all gases/air around earth

300

Emryology

  • The study of how organisms develop from a fertilized egg

  • Homologous structures that appear during the development of embryos of different species provide evidence for a common ancesto

400

Climax Community

  • Mature, Stable Community that is in the final stage of ecological succession

    • more biodiversity

    • Stable species composition


      • Environmental conditions

      • The intermediate species

      • Biotic/abiotic factors

400

Combustion & fossilization

  • Combustion w/ extraction - burning of fossil fuels

  • Fossilization: stores carbon (carbon sink)


400

Random other facts

  • Lightning can split nitrogen into single nitrogen molecules

These nitrogen molecules can connect back to oxygen, creating nitrates

400

Fossilization & Fossil Fuels

  • Fossilization is a very slow process so although technically it is renewable, but they are being used faster than they can be renewed 

  • Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of living organisms

400

Homologous Structures &  Divergent Evolution

  • shared due to ancestry → common structures but may have different functions or function is lost (sometimes only seen in embryos)

    • Vestigial structures: body parts that have lost their use through evolution

    • closely related organisms diverge from each other, and develop into new species

500

6 Major Biomes

  • Rain Forrest: plenty of rain and high-warm temperatures, resulting in high biodiversity

  • Dessert: Low rainfall and arid conditions; can be extremely cold or hot

  • Grassland: Wet and dry seasons; large and open areas 

  • Tundra: Low amounts of precipitation and dark and cold winters; coldest and driest of all biomes with a permanently frozen layer of soil called permafrost

  • Coniferous forest: Cold, long, snowy winters and warm humid summers: largest terrestrial biomes 

  • Temperate Deciduous Forest: Four distinct seasons with variety of weather

500

Decomposition -

  •  breaking of organic matter, releasing carbon (carbon source). It can also be stored into geological carbon stores, like fossil fuels (carbon sink)


    • Mainly carbon source though

500

What are n-fixing bacteria and what do they do?

Nitrogen Fixation: Fixing of nitrogen into usable forms 

living: symbiotically with plants, typically legumes, supplying them with a direct source of usable nitrogen

  • convert nitrogen from air pockets into ammonium


500

Combustion

  • burning of fossil fuels. Includes the use of gasoline in cares


    • Different from cellular respiration because combustion is thermal energy + co2 + h20 and human activity

500

Analogous & Convergent Evolution

  • shared due to similar selective pressure but does not mean they have an immediate ancestry

    • Develop similar traits to adapt to environmental pressures 

    • Share very similar functions, but are anatomically different.


      • Unrelated species develop similar traits to adapt to similar ecological niches due to facing similar environmental pressures

      • Unrelated species develop similar traits to adapt to similar ecological niches due to facing similar environmental pressures